thy；rue；；andpennyroyalpeopleexposetheelves；andespeoke；anddriveittoeplaesreovertheytakebuingbrandsfrohefiresandigatethetheypassthingsthroughthefire；andbringthesieplaselvesofallsfortune；andthatoroidsuerforthegoodoftheelves；theirfallinguntilyandtheyigihatbyrubbingapasteoftheashesontheirhairtheypreventthehairfroallingofftheirheadsinalltheseroen；anils；fruittreesandcrops
theidsuerfestivalbyhaedanpeoplesispartidanedanfeasts；beingpinnedtotheon；slidegraduallyinarythroughthestoprovethatangthehaedanpeoplesofnortheafriidsuerfestivalisquiteindependentofthereligion
6thehalloweenfires
froheforegoingsurveyayinferthatangtheheathenforefathersoftheeuropeanpeoplesthestpopularandreveordsuerdaytheinersolstiedtherriteshadobservedthesolstieextentbyastronocalnsiderations
butayberegardedasfairlyodetisandeventoouroinglytidber；andfellatanintervalofsixnths；onebeingaydayandtheotheronallhallonlyittedtotheearth；andberopens；theharvesthaslongbeenreapedandgaered；thefieldsliebare；thefruittreesarestripped；andeventheyelloberrktuingpointsoftheyearineurope；theoneushersinthegenialheatandtherir；theotherheralds；ifitdoesnotshare；theldandbarrennessofparativelylittlenttotheeuropeanhusbandn；dodeeplynan；foritisontheapproarthathedriveshissnotirobablethattheatiainlyapastoralpeople；dependentfortheirsubsistenesteadinearlysuerandretuedtoitagaininearlyotefroheregionnoilarbiseaybeaydayanditseveber；aynjerandthebeginningofer
bethatasity；thetberor；tobereaccurate；theevesofthesetbleeachotherinthe
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nneroftheirpresseduponboth；betrayareteandpurelypaganoriginthefestivalofydayorbeltane；astheeacuntoftherrespondingfestivalofhallohearrivalofer
ofthetoreiortant；sinitratherthanfroeltaneintheisleofn；oneofthefortressesinber；oldstyle；hasbeenregardedasneesthusnxersusedtogoroundonhalloanaysonghain；andfrohissahainorallsaintsdaythefirstofnoveerasneostnaturallyatthebeginningoftheyear；inorderthattheblessedinfluenaylastthroughouttheonthsanothefirtionoftheviethefirstofnoveerisfuishedbythenifolddesofdivinationnlyresortedtobyensandaugurieshallostohavefarsurpassedbeltaneintheiginationofthehallostanontenaututostohavebeenofoldthetiofyearesinordertotheelvesbythefireandtoforttheelvesinthekitrpasturesintheforestsandonthehillstobefedandcaredforinthestalls；ongthesanandthegoodeheygavetothews
butitisnotonlythesoulsofthedepartedntoischief；soss；othersgallopingalongtheroadsontabbycats；freelyabout
yetourofsteryandaindsoftheodetis；bynoansofaprevailingglooerrypastis；ongstthethingsantiinenanyenenedanexay；thehallotohavebeenkindledstnlyintheperthshirehighlandsintheparishofiliesinterestedinthebonfirenexting；ifanyofthesestonesadesurethatthepersonrepresentedbyitonthsfrohatdayatbalquhidderdohalloedistriersalikesthavetheirfireinthevillagestheboyshousetohouseandbeggedapeatfroaaterials；andsettheselfdooketorolloverhitheothersranthroughtheskeandjuedovertheirprostrateradeost
inthenorthepartofaryforeveryfalytokeagreatbonfireissing；theyhadanotionthatthepersonhreherhalloosirjohnrhys；thehabi
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tofeerhoostthesaying；assirjohnrhysjustlyrerks；iliesthatoriginallyoneofthepanybeerbonfiredoubtlessthere；asinensoflifeanddeathhaveatoiorotherbeendrathepositionandstateofthepebblesontheingofallsaintsdaytheongthreeseparatebranaperiodbeforetheirdispersion；oratleastfrotiethe
intheisleofnalso；anotheresbythekindlingoffires；acpaniedoniesdesignedtopreventthebanefulinfluenceoffairiesandches
7thederfires
iftheheathenofaneranyplaidranddoreteitivennothingghtseeoreappropriatethantokindlefiresonearthatthetontsinaryinheavenbegintoowax
indeongthesouthslavs；atleastthefullestaefrohesequartersthattheyulelogidsuerbonfire；kindledentanyquaintsuperstitionsattabutestion；anddancedandderryroundittogether
doiddleofthenieenthanythusinthevalleysofthesiegandlahntheyulelog；aheavyblockofoak；ainsoftheoldoneotethegroevillagesofotieuptheyuleloginthelastsheafcutatharvest
inseveralprovinoftheyulelogortréfoir；asitanyplaaseveandntinuetoputonthefireforalittlefireandthunder；thatitaladies；thatifapieildew
insopartsofflandersandfranberofthefalyusedtotakeapieaketheenkeeppieagihattheyanychickensastherearesparksthatflyoutofthebrandsofthelog；andothersplacetheextinctbrandsunderthebedtodriveaininvariouspartsoffrancethecharredlogisthoughttoguardthehouseagainstsorceryaslightning
inenglandtheilaronthenightofonsize；inatethehouse；and；asitentofitspredeainsofthelogoguardthehouseagainstfireandlightning
tothisdaytheritualofbringingintheyulelogisobservedunityangthesoutheslavs；espec
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iallytheserbiansthelogisusuallyabloetisofoliveorbeebs；pigs；andkidsastheystrikesparksoutofthebuinglogsopeopleagainsthailinalbaniadonas；andtheashesofthefireaketheertilethehuzuls；aslavonicpeopleofthecarpathians；kindlefirebythefrictionofaseveoldstyle；thefifthofjanuaryandkeepitbuingtillthnight
itisrerkablehonthebeliefappearstohavebeenthatthereinsoftheyulelog；ifkeptthroughouttheyear；hadpospossiblethatthisbeliefybeareliftheoldaryanaynotbederivedfrohesaancientsource；isaquestionobensidered
8theneedfire
thefirefestival**hertodesesoftheyearbutbesidestheseregularlyreanypartsofeuropehavebeentiierialtoresorttoaritualoffireatirregularintervalsinseasonsofdistressandarkablerites；onourattentionbeustdatefroveryreteantiquitythegeneralnabyongtheteutonietistheneedfirethetafireproduethodsangslavonicpeoplesitiscalledlivingfire
thehistoryofthetheearlyddleages；any；england；stland；andirelandangslavoniingtheriteedytheanilsetisgeeseasaneainedalight；forsolongasevenanightlightbuedinahouse；itaginedthattheneedfireuldnotkindlesotisitedenoughtoputoutallthefiresinthevillage；butsotistheextinepartsofserbiait；sotistheplaallislandsinrivers
theregularthodofproduongsosouthslavsployedisspeplydesodeofkindlingtheneedfirevariedindifferentdistriedtightlyintothesooreinflaabletherollerorepersons；diatelyesaeeserelytoldthattetisitakingandtheaxleonilarlyitagallohthisionratherthanastrictnecessity
variousrulesightorshouldketheneedfiresotisitebaptislnsotisitedsuffie；theyployedtoproduen；esnineadethefirebe
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gottensons；butarriedorsingleangtheserbianstheneedfireissotiskindledbyaboyandgirlbet；sotisitisdebyanoldnandanoldanalsointhedarkinbulgaria；too；thekersofneedfirestriptheelvesoftheirselvesofallkindsoftalifafterlongrubbingoftheefireststillbebuinginthevillage；soastriightbefoundightbeinfli
ealsbers；sotisinaregularorderofprees；sothatoeofthethoseostblaefrohebonfirepeopletorekindlethefiresintheirhousesthesebrands；afterbeingextinguishediisputinthenagersatthereforatheneedfirein；sotistheyetobeeloyedasrediesinsiixedinainland；assoonasthefireonthedostiayperhapshaveoriginallyeveryedyfortherrainitappearsthatinsopartsofgeythepeopledidnotebytheforeloitysilarlyinpolandthepeasantsaresaidtokindlefiresinthevillagestreetseveryyearonstroinordertoproteecantonsofsist
chapter63theinterpretationofthefirefestivals
1onthefirefestivalsingeneral
theforegoingsurveyofthepopularfirefestivalsofeuropesuggestssogeneralobservationsinthefirstpla；anddrivingtohavebeenpraeybesaidoftheprothatoftheotherfirefestivalsbytheprivaonttodefeattheobjeblybyextinguishingthealliortantfireunderadotheseloblanoniestheelvesreseleeaofbonfiresblazingatfixedpoints；oroftorplabersandashestakenfrohesulderingheapoffuel；thefireisbelievedtoprotethegroanandbeast；eitherpositivelybystilatingtheoegativelybyavertingthedangersandildein；sterility；disease；andnotleastofallchcraft
buteaboutthatbenefitssogreatandnifoldeanssosileinagihattheyuldproanyillsbytheapplioke；ofeersandashestodeenquirersontheonehandithasbeenheldthattheyaresunagiitativegien；anils；andplantsbykindlingfiresinearththegreatsourannhardtitybeaintainedthattheplypurififulinfluenonsters；orinaniersonalforsasortofpervadingtaintorrruptionoftheairthisistheviearogkitybecalledthepurificatorytheoryobviouslythetheoriespostulatetnceptionsofthefireheprincipalpartin
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theritesontheonevieentofallthatkesforhealthandhappiness；ontheothervieesallthenoxiouselents；aterial；thatnaen；ofanils；andofplantsaulant；acrdingtotheotheritisadisinfectant；ontheoneviesvirtueispositive；ontheotheritisnegative
yetthetethatthefireskindledatthesefestivalsarilyintendedtoitatethesunslightandheat；y；asattributesderiveddireoniesaryandoriginal；thepurifiediatepositionbetentoftruthinbothoftheeinearliereditionsofthiseantidrarentscarrygreatstotoinclinedecidedlyinhisfavourhoissingthesolartheoryannhardtisentitledtoarespectfulhearing
chapter63theinterpretationofthefirefestivals
2thesolartheoryofthefirefestivalsinanearlierpartofthissforkingsunshine；andititivenineuropedidthesaindeed；ateofeuropeduringagreatpartoftheyear；sshouldhaveplayedainentpartangthesuperstitiouspraongthoseofsavagesoresunshihantheyaybesupportedbyvariousarguntsdratheirdates；partlyfrohenatureoftherites；andpartlyfroheinfluenceheyarebelievedtoexertupontheherandonvegetation
first；inregardtothedatesofthefestivalsitportantandedtoinerandidastheexpresstestinyoftheanas；idinglyexpiringlight
notonlythedateofsoofthefestivalsbutthenneroftheiritationofthesuntheightitationofthesunsurseinthesky；andtheitationrdayhasbeenthusinterpretedbysoofthoseaybesaid；istheonpraesexpresslysaidtobeshapedlikesuns；intotheairatthefestivalsyitativegiagiaybesupposedtotakeeffeipathy：byitatingthedesiredresultyouainarytopursuehisrfireissotispopularlyknopliesansciousnessofannexionbete
again；thennerinoertisfireeplaidsuerfestivals；anditisexpresslysaidtohavebeenforrlysoproeightberegardedasanfirtionoftheviesinpointoffarfireanyhungariansakefireondsuerevebyrotatingap；andthattheydrivetheirpigsthroughthefirethusdeatoberdlingen；insadeonstvitussdaythefifteenthofjunebyignitingatofauntain；andastheflaascended；
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thepeopleutteredasetforfsdireidsuer；andadeondsuerdaybytuingaustbearinndthatinallsuerelyaakingbyinbolicalsignificance
further；theinfluenreselethoseofsunshinethus；thefrenidsuerbonfiresethattheyakethesuntobreakoutinradiantglory；dryingtheilarlytheuseoftheneedfirebysistyverynaturallybeinterpretedasasunountainsthepeoplebelievethatthedsuerfireshelptopreservethefruitsoftheearthandensuregoodthedireaydaybonfireareblo；iftothenorth；ldnodoubtatpresentthedireesisregardedrelyasanauguryoftheodeofinfluenerelythattheskeandflasprognostiesaightblosoinsouthafrionthofapril；thetabeleslighthugefirestotheoke；bypassingovertheongthezulusalsodinantofthebeliefinthequiaybeargued；reappearsinthenotionthateerstakenfrohebonfiresandinsertedinthefieldsotethegroaybethoughttounderlietheaketheseedsthrivetheopinionthattheflaxorheesriseorthepeopleleapovertheelongseoselle；iftheblazinglyanonyentitledthevillagerstolevyataxupontheoightbetakentorepresentanunightpassforapayntforthesunshineilarlyinthevaleofglarganablazingrday；andifthefiree；thefarrslookedforrhere；again；itisnaturaltosupposethattherusticndtracedadirectnnexionbethefireofthehefireofthesun；onhecropsaredependent
butinpopularbeliefthequiitedtothevegetablealsthisplainlyappearsfroheirishidsuerfires；frohefrenbs；andkidsastherearesparksstruthefrenthegepraixingtheashesofthebonfiresaketheanilsthrivefurther；thereareanfeotedbythegenialheatofthefiresinroidsuerbonfireitisanirishbeliefthatagirlpsthriidsuerbonfirearryandbeethetherofnyidsuerfirestoensureaneasydelivery；invariouspartsoffrananandan；leapingoverthedsuerfiretogeth