《The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)》

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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第3部分


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    16thatnottodecidebytherulesofthecivillaispropertodecidebythoseofthepoliticallaw

    17thesasubjectntinued

    18thatitisnecessarytoinquireeclass

    19thatdecidethosethingsbythecivillaesticlaws

    20thatnottodecidebytheprinciplesofthecivillaothelaions

    21thatdecidebypoliticallaothelaions

    22theunhappystateoftheincaathualpa

    23thatecircutance;thepoliticallaesdestructivetothestate;esbeesalaions

    24thattheregulationsofthepoliothercivillaws

    25thatfollotheiroure

    bookxxvii

    1oftheoriginandrevolutionsoftheronlacessions

    bookxxviiioftheoriginandrevolutionsofthecivillaongthefrench

    1differentcharacterofthelaany

    2thatthelahebarbarianswereallpersonal

    3capitaldifferencebethesaliclahevisigothsandburgundians

    4inanlaetobelostintheuntrysubjecttothefranks;andpreservedinthatsubjecttothegothsandburgundians

    5thesasubjectntinued

    6hoanlaesneoftheloards

    7hoanlaetobelostinspain

    8afalsecapitulary

    9inannerthedesofbarbarianlaetobelost

    10thesasubjectntinued

    11othercausesofthedisuseofthedesofbarbarianlaanlahecapitularies

    12oflocalcustorevolutionofthelaanlaw

    13differencebethesaliclaofthesalianfranks;andthatoftheripuarianfranks;andotherbarbarousnations

    14anotherdifference

    15areflection

    16oftheordealortrialbyboilinger;establishedbythesaliclaw

    17particulaotionsofourancestors

    18inofjudicialbatsgainedground

    19aneanlahecapitularies

    20originofthepointofhonour

    21aneongtheges

    22ofthennersinrelationtojudicialbats

    23ofthedeoflabats

    24rulesestablishedinthejudicialbat

    25oftheboundspresofjudicialbats

    26onthejudiciarybatbethepartiesandoneofthenesses

    27ofthejudicialbatbetent

    28oftheappealofdefaultofjustice

    29epochofthereignofstlouis

    30observationonappeals

    31thesasubjectntinued

    32thesasubjectntinued

    33thesasubjectntinued

    34inannertheproceedingsatlaesecret

    35ofthests

    36ofthepublicprosecutor

    37inannertheinstitutionsofstlouisfellintooblivion

    38thesasubjectntinued

    39thesasubjectntinued

    40inshedecretals

    41fluxandrefluxoftheecclesiasticandteoraljurisdiction

    42therevivaloftheronlaheresultthereofchangeoftribunals

    43thesasubjectntinued

    44oftheproofbynesses

    45ofthecustooffrance

    bookxxixofthennerofposinglaws

    1ofthespiritofalegislator

    2thesasubjectntinued

    3thatthelatodeviatefrohevie

    4ofthelararytotheviehelegisla
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第8节

    tor

    5thesasubjectntinued

    6thelaehavenotaleeffect

    7thesasubjectntinuednecessityofposinglaanner

    8thatlaeotive

    9thatthegreekandronlaetive

    10thatlantraryproesfrohesaspirit

    11hoparetsoflaws

    12thatlaearesotisreallydifferent

    13thatanla

    14thatstancesinade

    15thatsotisitisproperthelaenditself

    16thingstobeobservedintheposingoflaws

    17abadthodofgivinglaws

    18oftheideasofuniforty

    19oflegislators

    bookxxxtheoryofthefeudallaongthefranksintherelationtheybeartotheestablishntofthenarchy

    1offeudallaws

    2ofthesourceoffeudallaws

    3theoriginofvassalage

    4thesasubjectntinued

    5ofthenquestsofthefranks

    6ofthegoths;burgundians;andfranks

    7differentheland

    8thesasubjectntinued

    9ajustapplicationofthelaheburgundians;andofthatofthevisigoths;inrelationtothedivisionoflands

    10ofservitudes

    11thesasubjectntinued

    12thatthelandsbelongingtothedivisionofthebarbarianspaidnotaxes

    13oftaxespaidbytheronsandgauls;inthenarchyofthefranks

    14oftheycalledcensus

    15thatenandnotonthefreen

    16ofthefeudallordsorvassals

    17ofthelitaryservien

    18ofthedoubleservice

    19ofpositionsangthebarbarousnations

    20oferhejurisdictionofthelords

    21oftheterritorialjurisdictionofthechurches

    22thatthejurisdictionsablishedbeforetheendofthesendrace

    23generalideaoftheabbédubosbookontheestablishntofthefrenchnarchyingaul

    24thesasubjeainpartofthesystebr 》

    25ofthefrenchnobility

    bookxxxitheoryofthefeudallaongthefranks;intherelationtheybeartotherevolutionsoftheiarchy

    1ayorsofthepalace

    2hoented

    3authorityoftheyorsofthepalace

    4ofthegeniusofthenationinregardtotheyors

    5inndoftheares

    6sendepoiliationofourkingsofthefirstrace

    7ofthegreatofficesandfiefsundertheyorsofthepalace

    8inannertheallodialestatesofiefs

    9hohechurchlandsedintofiefs

    10richesoftheclergy

    11stateofeuropeatthetiofcharlesrtel

    12establishntofthetithes

    13oftheelectionofbishopsandabbots

    14ofthefiefsofcharlesrtel

    15thesasubjectntinued

    16nfusionoftheroyaltyandyoraltythesendrace

    17aparticularcircutanceintheelectionofthekingsofthesendrace

    18charlegne

    19thesasubjectntinued

    20louisthedebonnaire

    21thesasubjectntinued

    22thesasubjectntinued

    23thesasubjectntinued

    24thatthefreenapableofholdingfiefs

    25thepriniliationofthesendracechangesintheallodia

    26changesinthefiefs

    27anotherchangehefiefs

    28changeshegreatofficesandinthefiefs

    29ofthenatureofthefiefsafterthereignofcharlesthebald

    30thesasubjectntinued

    31inpirethefalyofcharlegne

    32inannerthecroothehouseofhughcapet

    33sonsequencesoftheperpetuityoffiefs

    34thesasubjectntinued

    preface

    ifadsttheinfinitenuerofsubjeaypossiblyoffend;iperplatothankedthegodsthatheeageypartigivethankstothesuprethatientunderhehasdelove

    ibegonefavourofreaders;e;thisis;thattheynthebookentire;andnotafepletelyasbysearchingintothedesignofthework

    ihavefirstofallnsiderednkind;andtheresultofthoughtshasbeen;thatadstsuchaninfinitediversityoflaanners;theysolelynductedbythecapriceoffancy

    ihavelaiddothethatthehistoriesofallnationsareonlynsequen;andthateverypartioregeneralextent

    ethespiritoftheancients;lestishouldnsiderthosethingsasalikeissthedifferenceofthoseobealike

    ihavenotdrayprinyprejudices;butfrohenatureofthings

    hereagreatnytruthsoreoreentionthellostinsupportablefatigue

    thereadereettoaginationstvanish;thesegenerallyarisefrohendsllectingallitspooviehesubject;leavestheotherunobserved

    iaxiarefounded;andthishenaturalinference;thattoproposealtera
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第9节

    tionsbelongsonlytothoseobebohageniuscapableofperatingtheentirenstitutionofastate

    itisnotatterofindifferenagistrateshavearisenfroationalprejudiittedeventhegreatestevilsbleustbereford;buttheyaresensiblealsooftheabusesofarefortiontheylettheevilntinue;iftheyfearaineintotheparts;tojudgeofthennneineallthecauses;todisvertheirdifferenteffects

    uldibutsuoresensibleineverynationandgoventoftheblessingsheenjoys;ishouldthinkselfthesthappyofrtals

    uldibutsuand;toinyselfthesthappyofrtals

    thesthappyofrtalsshouldithinkselfuldintributetokenkindreverfroheirprejudiepartiselves

    itisinendeavouringtoinstruan;thatflexiblebeing;nfoginsopressionsofothers;isequallyind

    oftenhaveibegun;andasoftenhaveilaidaside;thisundertakingihaveathousandtisgiventheleavesihadypatealhandsfallihavefolloyobjectyfirstprinciples;everythingisoughtforappeared;andintheurseoftyaturity;andfinished

    ifthiseetsajestyofthesubjeenbothinfrane;ihavebeenlostinadration;butihavenotlosturage:ihavesaidapainter”

    advertisent

    1forthebetterunderstandingofthefirstfourbooksofthiseofvirtue;inarepublioral;noraotion;ashonouristhespringotiontonaryideasarenes;inordertonveyaningthey;adesayststrangeabsurdities;suchasentsralityisrequisite

    2thereaderisalsotonotiind;orvirtue;isnotthespringbyentisaentoralandonarent;thoughitbeactuatedbyhonour

    tonanofan;entionedheisthenattersinaorepreostplacesadeuseofthepolitical

    bookioflawsingeneral

    1oftherelationoflaostgeneralsignifithenatureofthingsinthissenseallbeingshavetheirlaaterialantheirlaanhislaws

    theyoreunreasonablethantopretendthatablindfatalityuldbeproductiveofintelligentbeings

    thereis;then;aprireason;andlaherelationssubsistingbetanddifferentbeings;andtherelationsofthesetooneanother

    godisrelatedtotheuniverse;asadetheandhedethebecausetheyareinrelationtohisandpower

    sinatter;andvoidofunderstanding;subsiststhroughsolongasuotionsstcertainlybedirectedbyinvariablelaagineanotherustalsohavenstantrules;oritablyperish

    thusthecreation;sanarbitraryact;supposeslaightgovetheituldnotsubsist

    theserulesareafixedandinvariablerelationinbodiesved;thetionisreatterandveloity;eachchangeisnstancy

    particularintelligentbeingsyhavelawsof
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第10节

    theiroaking;buttheyhavesolikeadebeforethereade;therendedorforbiddenbypositivelaeassayingthatbeforethedescribingofacirclealltheradiiequal

    ustthereforeacknoansocietiesexisted;ittotheirlahereelligentbeingsthathadreceivedabenefitofanotherbeing;theyoughttoshoheirgratitude;ifoneintelligentbeinghadcreatedanotherintelligentbeing;thelatteroughttontinueinitsoriginalstateofdependence;ifoneintelligentbeinginjuresanother;itdeservesaretaliation;andsoon

    buttheintelligentbeingsoerhasalsoitslatotheoexatotheirpritivelahoseoftheiroitutingtheyfrequentlyinfringe

    ovent;inebethatasity;theyhavenotareintiterelationtogodthantherestoftheterialthanintherelationtheyhaveeithertootherpartiselves

    bytheallurentofpleasuretheypreservetheindividual;andbythesaallurenttheypreservetheirspeciestheyhavenaturallatotheiaturallahesearebetterobservedbyvegetables;thathaveneitherunderstandingnorsense

    brutesaredeprivedofthehighadvantageseostoftherereattentivethanakesobadauseoftheirpassions

    n;asaphysiperfeighteveryinstantforgethisindedhifhisdutybythelaonttoforgethielf;philosophyhasprovidedagainstthisbythelaoralityfordtoliveinsociety;heghtforgethisfellotohisduty

    2ofthelaentionedlaourfraandexistenanbeforetheestablishntofsociety:thelaatehoseofnature

    thelapressingonoudstheideaofaportanpoteneveryshadow

    inthisstateeveryn;insteadofbeingsensibleofhisequality;selfinferiortherehereforebenodangeroftheirattackingoneanother;peacehefirstlaure

    thenaturaliulseordesireankindofsubduingoneanotherisfarfroeingpireanddonionissoplex;anddependsonsonyotheotions;thatituldneverbethefirstanunderstanding

    hobbes3inquires;”forenard;andhaveloentofsocietyent;otivesforhostileattacksandselfdefence

    nexttoasenseofhisanpthioseekfoourishnt

    fear;ihaveobserved;entoshunoneanother;buttherksofthisfearbeingrealfeelsattheapproaespethedifferenceofsexesathirdlaw

    besidethesenseorinstinonotiveofuniting;andafourthlathedesireoflivinginsociety

    3ofpositivelaanentersintoastateofsoencesthestateofwar

    eaent;itutesastateofweenindividuals

    thesetanlautualinterurse;eersofasocietythatstbeproperlysupported
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第11节

    ;theyhavelaeofpoliticlahersortoflaheystandinrelationtoeachother;byoodthecivillaw

    thelaeofpeaeoftleinjuryaspossible;houtprejudicingtheirrealinterests

    theobjectofthisandtheprecedingprincipleallthoserulesarederiveditutethelaions

    alluntrieshavealaselves;thoughtheydevourtheirprisoners:fortheysendandreceiveaassadors;andunderstandtherightsofischiefistha
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