The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第41部分

　　　　6thelaehavenotaleeffeelyproperforrenadeinfranprovedextrelyfatal；beeansoflayingouttheiey；theystrippedthevenofthelastresoure；eastakingitfroheyopenvioleninistersdesignoneyintoonehandtheforrgaveeitherlandsorrtgagesonprivatepeoplefortheney；thelatterproposedinlieuofneynothingbuteffectsheirverynature；becausethe
………………………………

第187节

　　　　lapelledpeopletoa

　　　　7thesasubjeirableregulationtheynevedeedrethanonepersonatati；andsutobanishapersonnecessarytothestate8

　　　　thepononebutgreatpersonageshreatenedthestatehdanger；itoughtnottohavebeenthetransactionofeveryday

　　　　8thatlaeadethroughthesativeinfrananlaotivefroheronsangthelattertheinheritanena；buttofindsobodythatofit

　　　　9thatthegreekandronlaetivean；saysplato；；thatis；hielf；notbyanorderofthegistrate；nottoavoidignony；butthroughpusillanityshallbepunished10theronlattedthroughpusillanity；throughpatieninaldespairtheronlaned；andndeedheotheracquitted

　　　　platoslaeduponthelaitythegreatestofcristheronshadnolongerthoserefinedideas；theirsallaw

　　　　duringthetioftherepubliittedit

　　　　underthefirsteerors；thegreatfaliesofroinalproseentbyavoluntarydeathinthistheyfoundagreatadvantage：theyhadanhonourableintet；andtheirperorsbeeansofpreservingtheirestatesbyrenderingitakeaselfthroughacrinalrerse

　　　　otiveoftheeerorsissotrue；thattheynsentedthattheestatesofsuicidesshouldnotbenfiscatedeforselvespunishedhnfiscation12

　　　　10thatlantraryproesfrohesaspiritinourtinstopeopleintheiroittedangtherons13

　　　　asuonsoreallonapersoninhisohanitisnooarrestapersoninhiso

　　　　boththeronandourlaitofthisprinciplealike；thateverynoughttohavehiso；e16

　　　　11hoparetsoflaentforfalseustaddthatinfraninals；butnotinengland；thatinfranitofstancesinfavouroftheprisoner；inenglandtheyalloacloseand；

　　　　andsodothethreeenglishlainals；hasbutverylittlehopeofdratheae；forthisreasonitinvitesallparts；anddoesnotventuretodisuragetheythefearofaidatingtheidated；itlistensonlytotheony17butinenglandtheyadtofeasurebet；nsequentlyfalseedyagainstthefalseinesisstagreeabletoreason；usttaketheachasaparethentheirentirety

　　　　12thatlaearesotisreallydifferentthegreekandronlaepunishntonthereeraongthegreeksandronsthethiefnedtoapeentoftheftisitsit；inoheustsuruntreobstaustberehardenedagainstthelaws

　　　　theoreodiousthanthethief；19forightberightent；theaffairinqu
………………………………

第188节

　　　　estionagedone；andthereceiverentbecacapital；theyoughttohavebeendirectedbyotherprinciples

　　　　13thatustnotseparatelatheendforade：oftheronlaansanifesttheft；etiafteranifesttheft

　　　　thelaanifestthiefshouldbenedtoslaveryifhehadattainedtheageofpuberty；oronlyanifestthief；henedtoafineofdoublethevalueofhehadstolen

　　　　anifestthiefnedtoapayntoffourfold；andtheystillntinuedtondethenonnifestthieftoapayntofdouble20

　　　　itseeveryoddthattheselaakesuentstheyinflionianinstitutionslyans；agreatdifferenanifesttheft21

　　　　angtherons；aslavethetarpeianrothenthisrespe

　　　　atro；tobeorereteoriginthelathecretans；andplato；22ely；thepobats；andintheftsobencealed

　　　　astheesoepoliticallaw

　　　　thusonians；astheistitutionandgoventeti；theselalae；astheydidnotfindtherethesanstitution；theyannerofnnectionans

　　　　14thatustnotseparatethelatheesenacted

　　　　theronlanedtodeportation；butifheanlaadeunderthesaeeveryignorantpretenderinterddledongus；physiciansareobligedtogothrougharegularurseofstudy；andtotaketheirdegrees；forheyaresupposedtounderstandtheirprofession

　　　　15thatsotisitisproperthelaenditselfthelaptedtokeadefenselves；oughtalontoftheactioncallsinnsorabsolvesalaaybeesoopposedtothesecurityandlibertyofthecitizensoughttobeexecutedintheirpresence26

　　　　16thingstobeobservedintheposingoflatogivelaanneroffogthe

　　　　thestyleoughttobenbyheart27justiniansnovell28

　　　　thestyleshouldalsobeplainandsile；adireajestyatallinthelapire；princesaredetospeaklikerhetoricianshestyleoflaed；theyarelookedupononlyasaentation

　　　　itisanessentialartiontthistellinganytruthinister；beontisentirelyrelative；andaybeofnttooneisnotsotoanother

　　　　thelaanasaslave；orthatgavehiolestation30heshouldnothavedeuseofsovagueanexpression；thelestationgivenandependsentirelyonthedegreeofhissensibility

　　　　uatingitinneythevalueofneyedenonationntinueshoutt
………………………………

第189节

　　　　hesathingeveryoneknopudentfelloe31etaboxontheear；andafterthefiveandtypenceofthelahetables

　　　　atters；afteranexaediatelyninationofthekingsjudges”；thisagainrendersarbitraryedthatthepartiesappealthree；four；andsixnthsafterjudgnt；ntrarytotheinauntryprevailed；hethereforeordainsthattheyshallappealforthefraudordeceitonthepartoftheattoey；34orunlesstherebeagreatorevidentcausetodischargetheappealtheendofthislaroysthebeginning；anditdestroysitsoeffectually；thattheyusedafteroappealduringthespaceofthirtyyears35

　　　　thelabardsdoesnotalloanthathastakenareligioushabit；36thoughshehasdenovoarry；beurealitytofigure；orfroiguretoreality

　　　　alaonyofabishopshouldbesufficientethod；hejudgedofaffairsbypersons；andofpersonsbydignities

　　　　thelanunderstanding；notasanartoflogiily

　　　　itationsinalauitthedetailsofthatkindthrooneails

　　　　noalterationshouldbedeinalaightberepudiatedandyetthetingtherriage38healteredhislaorethantwo

　　　　anlaanisinentsofthegistrausthavebeengivenonpurpose；berofgoodreasonshand

　　　　paul；thejurist；says41thatabersseetoproveititisveryextraordinarythattheyshouldjudgeofthosethingsbytheratioofpythagorasnuers

　　　　sofrenshereeversuchathingknoherealrightsofadignityfoundedonthefigureofthatdignityssign

　　　　davilasays42thateobereinistrationofancedasayearplete；veryfarfroensuringaregulationentofanationisonlyanhonour

　　　　inpointofpresution；thatofthelaanthefrenptionofthenthejudgesthavepresudthetivesofthehusbandsndubiguouspoint；es；itgivesafixedruletothejudge

　　　　platoslaentshouldbeinfliitythislapossibletodratheotiveuponinenceingthesetives

　　　　asuselesslaaybeeasilyeludeditbyaparticularexception

　　　　thefalans；thattheheirshouldalretainingthisfourthpart45thisiskingajestofthelaeuseless：forifthetestatorhadandtofavourhisheir；thelatterhadnoneedofthefaltokeuseofit

　　　　isestoanynthat；orhisheirs；fiveandtisenobilityforsuorality；andreligion

　　　　thereveryseldoappenstobeaneaginaryperfection

　　　　thereoughttobeaen；theytheelvesshouldbecladhtherobesofinnocencehelahevisigoths46thatridiculousrequest；byhejeo
………………………………

第190节

　　　　eateverythingdressedittoalaoreoftheiroightserveasarktodistinguishthe

　　　　17abadthodofgivinglaaneerorsnifestedtheiritted；bylettersintheirseveraldifferenodus；caracalla；andallthoseotherignorantprinces；shouldbensideredaslapilation

　　　　ianlaperors；andallthelaen；theinors；andthepublicutility

　　　　18oftheideasofunifortythereareity；etisstrikegreatgeniusesfortheyevenaffenottoseeit；thesaauthorizedeasuresintrade；thesalaereligioninallitspartsbutisthisalityisrequisite；andthoseinonialandthetartarsbytheirs；andyetthereisnonationinthessochattranquillityifthepeopleobservethelae

　　　　19oflegislatorsaristotleetishisjealousyagainstplato；andsotishispassionforalexanderplatoasre；plietisthelatterpassthrough；andonlytinestheyrein；andareinrporated

　　　　1aristotle；politics；iv11

　　　　2bookxx1

　　　　3enteoneyarisingfrohesaleofthedebtor；seeveryprobable

　　　　4defalsalegatione

　　　　5dio；xli

　　　　6aristotle；politics；v13

　　　　7plutarch；dionysius

　　　　8seexxvi17；p223；above

　　　　9beredtheyeludedthepontificallaetheas

　　　　10lawsix

　　　　11tacitus；annals；vi29

　　　　12resperorpiusinleg3；§§1；2；ffdeboniseoruuiantesententiaorteibinsciverunt

　　　　13leg18；ffdeinfusvocando

　　　　14seethelahetables

　　　　15rapitinjushoranthosetoaparticularrespectwasdue

　　　　16seeleg18；ffdeinjusvocando

　　　　17bytheancientfrenchlaentagainstfalsenesses

　　　　18leg1；ffdereceptatoribus

　　　　19ibid

　　　　20seefavorinussaysinaulusgellius；xx1

　　　　21pareplutarchsaysinthelycurgushthelahedigest；titledefurtis；andtheinstitutes；iv；tit1；§§1；2；3

　　　　22laws；i

　　　　23syrian；inherg

　　　　24theelianlaitutes；iv；tit3；delegeaquilia；§7

　　　　25seeleg4；ffadlegaquil

　　　　26ibid；seethedecreeoftassillonaddedtothelahebavarians；depopulariblegibart4

　　　　27utcanecessariucicero；delegii；23

　　　　28itistheworkofierius

　　　　29testantpolit

　　　　30appendixtothetheodosiandeinthefirstvoluoffathersidsworks；p737

　　　　31aulusgellius；xx1

　　　　32otivesthatdeteedhi

　　　　33inhisordinanontellestours；intheyear1453

　　　　34theyghtpunishtheattoey；houttherebeinganynecessityofdisturbingthepublirder

　　　　35theordinanadesoregulationsuponthishead

　　　　36bookii；tit37

　　　　37infathersidsappendixtothetheodosiande；i

　　　　38leg1；dderepudiis

　　　　39seetheauthenticsedhodie；inthedderepudiis

　　　　40leg1；ffdepostulando

　　　　41sentences；iv9

　　　　42dellaguerraciviledifrancia；p96

　　　　43itadeonnoveer18；1702

　　　　44laws；ix

　　　　45itistheauthenticsedcuestator

　　　　46bookxii；tit2；§16

　　　　47seejuliusacrinus；13

　　　　48ibid

　　　　49inhisutopia

　　　　bookxxxtheoryofthefeudallaongthefranksintherelationtheybeartotheestablishntofthenarchy

　　　　1offeudallayperfeinishedtheitsineiresoftoogreatextent；iveofrulehabiasto
………………………………

第191节

　　　　anarchy；andofanarchyony

　　　　thiseetratherpletetreatiseofthoselaws

　　　　thefeudallaaverybeautifulprospeafaritsspreadingleaves；upondraustbeduguptodisverit1

　　　　2ofthesourpireanythoughfeanners；yetakingansdeseofhisenterprises3afees

　　　　taansthisesfrohepenoftacitus；hingatoneglance

　　　　thesetaginehesedes；andperusingthesedesus

　　　　butifinthisresearyhand；andthatishallbeabletofindhrough

　　　　3theoriginofvassalageliveduponlk；eotherpart”taen；anainhislanguageinaulationtoobtaintheprinselvesinthebraveryandnueroftheirpanions”theirdignityandpoultitudeofyoungandentinpeaousatho；andangneighbouringnations；berandurageoftheirpanions：theyreyinthepanionsnottofollopleoftheirprintodefendhistheirstsaoreeasilypersuadetheoattaselvestothedangersofhantocultivatetheland；ortoattendtothecaresofhusbandry；theyrefusetoacquirebystheycanpurchasehblood”

　　　　thus；angtheges；theres；andfeastingthereeneserviceasedforthefiefs

　　　　4thesasubjetofollo；thosendedbytheltitudebut；iftheydidnotfulfiltheirengagents；theylostthepublicesteeandersandtraitors”

　　　　csarsaysinthisplace；andtacitus；arethesubstanceofthehistoryofourprincesofthefirstrace

　　　　ustnotthereforebesurprisedthatourkingsshouldhaveneiestoraiseuponeveryexpedition；neuinish；thatafatheruponsettlingakingdononeofhisovedbysprings；heyinuallyobligedtowindup

　　　　5ofthenquestsofthefranksitisnottruethatthefranksuponenteringgaultookpossessionoftheehavebeenofthisopinionbecausetheysahegreatestpartoftheuntrytoheendofthesendracenvertedintofiefs；rearfiefs；orotherdependencies；butsuchadispositionoparticularcauseser

　　　　thensequenehadbeenfiefs；ordependeneninthekingdoassalsorbondnsubordinatetovassals；asthepersonthathaspropertyiseverpossessedofpoheking；inuallydisposedofthefiefs；thatis；oftheonlypropertythenexisting；raryasthatofthesultanisinturkey；radictorytoallhistory

　　　　6ofthegoths；burgundians；andfranksgaulannationsthevisigothstookpossessionoftheprovinostallthesouth；theburgundianssettledintheeast；andthefrankssubduedverynearlyalltherest

　　　　nodoubtbutthesebarbariansretainedintheirrespeanyneglectedagricultureitseebycsarandtacitusthattheyappliedtheelve
………………………………

第192节

　　　　sgreatlytoapastorallife；hencetheregulationsofthedesofbarbarianlaostallrelatetotheirflocksrorin；ongthefranks；wasashepherd

　　　　7differentpire；therons；inordertop