The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第13部分

　　　　onarchyhasextendeditslitsbythenquestofneighbouringprovinces；itshouldtreatthoseprovinceshgreatlenity

　　　　ifanaresnearegenerallyillusedtheyareobligedtosubtbothtotheneetropolis；thatsadenquestsroundthisdesne；thenqueredpeopleiesdesignedtoactandreinthereereprecarious

　　　　suonariseryintheprovinoteitisthesaonarchyashourplfireatthecentre；verdureonthesurface；andbethadry；ld；andbarrenearth

　　　　10ofonenaretisonenarallerthelatter；thebetteritisoveraresses；andthelargeritis；thebetterbepreservedbylonies

　　　　11ofthennersofanqueredpeopleitisnotsuffialsotheiners；beenttothesethantotheirlaws

　　　　thefreniliaritiesuchforanationtobeobligedtobeaotonlyostgrievousandintolerable；astheyarethesourceofinfiniteoutrages

　　　　12ofalaifrohinkingthatagoodlaadetoobligethelydianstopraeanorinfausprofessionsitistruehedireportance：hethoughtofguardingagainstrevolts；andnotinvasions；butinvasionse；uchrathersupportbylaws
………………………………

第53节

　　　　thesiliinacyofthenquered

　　　　aristodes；tyrantofindsofyouthheorderedthatboysshouldlettheirhairgroennerasgirls；thattheyshoulddeusibrellas；perfus；andfans；andtopresentthesandlookingglassesheybathedthiseducationlastedtilltheageoftyaneducationthatuldbeagreeabletononebuttoapettytyrant；ytodefendhislife

　　　　13charlesxiithisprince；ingdesignsthatuldneverbeexecutedbutbyalongosupport

　　　　itpiretherussiansdeuseoftheasofalitarysnearertoviselvesatho

　　　　aginedhielfsovereignoftheinsoasureyaup；desettlentsalongthebaltic；destroyedorsubduedlivonia

　　　　sersarecutoffatthefountainheadinordertochangeitsurse

　　　　itthenatureofthings

　　　　butneitheaturenorfortuneuchagainsthishehielf

　　　　heing；andeventhishefolloadeanexonarch

　　　　alexandersprojeanneroffightingandintheirar；andithatthepersiansooproudtoberrected

　　　　ittoethodofrenderingherinsensibletoherservitudethanbyflatteringhervanityy；andhthehopesofthenquestofasia

　　　　aneirepireaboundingyeansofsubsisting

　　　　itortifiedbytheiurousdefeats；thattheyittheodoubtoftheirgrandeur

　　　　theprojeaysoexpressself；aflashofreasonbyadearonourvieorenutelyintohishistory

　　　　14alexanderhedidnotsetoutuponhisexpeditiontillhehadseselfofthisnquestfoootherendthanfortheexeoniansofnoeffeightnotbeseparatedfroisfleet；hedeanadrableuseofdisciplineagainstnuers；henevereverything；he；inhistu；dideverythingtoobtainit

　　　　inthebeginningofhisenterpriseatiighthaveprovedhisdestrueshadreursetoterityarannerassofpeatheseaast；andtolaythenderanearine；inanifestsuperioritytyrebeingfrorinesearesinanotherworld

　　　　tothepassageofthegranicus；alexanderopireoftheworld

　　　　afterthebattleofissus；hesuffereddariustoeseinsesonoplapiredariusentershistothenextnt；andalexanderrpianraannerhecarriedonhisnquests：letusno

　　　　heopposedthosetreatthegreeksassters14andthepersiansasslaveshethoughtonlyofunitingthetpletedhisvitoobtaintheheassudthennersofthepersians；thatheghtnotutonforothoseofthegreeksitanityadehihootherofdarius；andthi
………………………………

第54节

　　　　sthatdehiontinententedbyallthenationshehassubduedilyhehascastfrohethroneisallintearstheseostgloriouspassagesinhislife；andsuchashistorycannotproduceaninstanceofinanyothequeror

　　　　nothingnsolidatesanquestrethantheunionfordbetarriages15alexandere；andtherestoftheittedthoserriages；16thevisigothsforbadethenspain；andafter17bytheloardstheyansarriagesbethepeopleofdifferentprovinces

　　　　alexander；berofgreeklonieshebuilt；therefore；altitudeoftopireostfrightfulcivilselves；asitoastateofannihilation；notasingleprovinceofpersiarevolted

　　　　topreventgreebeingtoo；providedheuldbesureoftheirfidelity

　　　　henotonlysufferedthenquerednationstoretaintheirosandnners；butliketheyhadbeensubjeent；rathereshappenedthanofageneralrevolt

　　　　hepaidgreatrespeonuntsofthegloryorvanityofnationsthepersiannarplesofthegreeks；babylonians；andegyptians；alexanderrebuiltthe21feittedtohisyoketo；andhisnquestsseeohavebeenintendedonlytokehihepartioftheronsinnquests；hisattersofiortancehey；hewasalexander

　　　　hettedtfausbyhisrepentanidstofhisirregularpassion；canvieonlyhpity；butneverhaneyeofhatred

　　　　letusdraparisonbetandptingtoitatetheasiatiereostentation；theeitation；didathingeofnquest

　　　　15neonarirablethod；equallyproperforderatingdespoticpoethodpractisedbythenquerorsofchina

　　　　inordertopreventthevanquishednationfroallingintodespair；thevigroentfroeinglitary；andtontainthetilynoilitaryrpsintheprovinilitarypoayspreaditselfostallthenquerorsthateverexisted

　　　　16ofnquestsdebyadespotiperorofchinahasalarsnearhisperson；readyuponalloccasionsinindia；inturkey；injapan；theprincehasaloftheotherregularforcesthisparticularrpskeepsthedispersedtroopsinawe

　　　　17thesasubjeberofkings；inordertohaveinstruntsofslavery23aproiseriesofeaontoboth；ootheotheronthentrary；ifthenquerorrestoresthelegititeprincetothethrone；heentedinpossessionofhindostan

　　　　1seethedeofbarbarianlaws；and
………………………………

第55节

　　　　bookxxviiibelow

　　　　2seetheanonyusauthorofthelifeoflouisledebonnaire；induchesnesllection；ii；p296

　　　　3seebarbeyracsllection；art112

　　　　4hregardtotockenburg

　　　　5hetheheadofafaction

　　　　6hannoans；ascatoothegauls

　　　　7ofthe18thofosterdaazette；dec23；1738

　　　　8seepufendorffsuniversalhistory

　　　　9dionysiushalicaassus；vii

　　　　10seearrian；deexpeditalex；i

　　　　11ibid

　　　　12ibid

　　　　13ibid；iii

　　　　14thisotlesadviceplutarch；ofthefortuneandvirtueofalexander

　　　　15arrian；deexpeditalex；vii

　　　　16seethelaheburgundians；tit12；art5

　　　　17seethelaoreregard；itsays；tothedifferenceofnationsthantothatofpeoplesnditions

　　　　18seethelabards；ii；tit7；§§1；2

　　　　19thekingsofsyria；abandoningtheplanlaiddopire；resolvedtoobligethejetothennersofthegreeksaresolutionthatgavethestterribleshoent

　　　　20seearrian；deexpeditalex；iii；andothers

　　　　21ibid

　　　　22ibid；vii

　　　　23tacitus；lifeofagrila；14

　　　　bookxiofthelaablishpoliticalliberty；hregardtothenstitution

　　　　1ageneralideaikeadistinineinthenext

　　　　2differentsignifiorevarioussignifiaderevariediressionsonthehunnd；thanthatoflibertysohavetakenitasaansofdeposingapersonontheyhadnferredatyrannis；andofbeingtherebyenabledtousevioleooneforfgoventexonarentstsuitabletotheirosandinagistratesseeoaitytothelanartoaenthasbeendeedthestfree；andthepohepeoplehasbeennfoundedhtheirliberty

　　　　3inotoaitedfreedoingovents；thatis；insocietiesdirectedbylaycannsistonlyinthepotobeingnstrainedtodonottowill

　　　　usthaventinuallypresenttooudsthedifferencebetit；andifacitizenulddoepower

　　　　4thesasubjeents；andevenintheseitisnotalaninvestedits

　　　　topreventthisabuse；itisneaybesonstituted；asnonshallbepelledtodothingsto；norforthingsits

　　　　5oftheendorvieentsthoughallgoventshavethesageneralend；inione；rarseilles；publisglory；theindependenedatbythelahenceresultstheoppressionofthewhole5

　　　　onenationthereisalsointheiheprinciplesonhislibertyisfounded；iftheyaresound；libertyshighestperfection

　　　　todisverpoliticallibertyinanstitution；nogreatlabourisrequisiteifexists；itissoonfound；andgofarinsearchofit

　　　　6ofthenstitutionofenglandineverygoventtherearethreesortsofpoattersthatdependonthecivillaw

　　　　byvirtueofthefirst；theprinagistrateenaakespeainals；ordeteesthedisputesthatarisebetplytheexecutivepohestate

　　　　thepolitiindarisingfroheopinioneaentbesonstitutedasonenneednotbeafraidofanother

　　　　ebodyofgistrates；thereayarise；lestthes
………………………………

第56节

　　　　anaranner

　　　　again；thereisnoliberty；ifthejudiciarypothelegislativeandexecutivejoinedightbehavehviolenceandoppression

　　　　thereenorthesabody；herofthenoblesorofthepeople；toexercisethosethreepohatofenactinglahatofexecutingthepublicresolutions；andoftryingthecausesofindividuals

　　　　stkingdoineuropeenjoyaderategoventbecausetheprinceostdreadfuloppression

　　　　intherepublientisobligedtohavereursetoasviolentthodsforitssupportaseventhatoftheturks；outhintoeryatallhoursthrotenaccusations

　　　　inustthepoorsubjeebodyofgistratesarepossessed；asexeayplunderthestatebytheirgeneraldeteations；andastheyhavelikeayberuinedbytheirparticulardecisions

　　　　thepthatindient

　　　　henceitisthatnyoftheprincesofeurope；hasbeenlevelledatarbitrarypoagistracy；andallthegreatofficesofstate

　　　　ialloerehereditaryaristoagistratessotisderatesthepoagistraagistratesallbelongingtothesabody；ostoneandthesapower

　　　　thejudiesoftheyear；andnsistentlyandnnerprescribedbylaoerectatribunalthatshouldlastonlysolongasnecessityrequires

　　　　bythisthodthejudicialpoankind；notbeingannexedtoanyparticularstateorprofession；bees；asitagistrate

　　　　inainalnature；itisproperthepersonaeasure；hisjudges；inncurrenceberthatthereiningpartybedeedhisohoice

　　　　theothertaybegivenrathertogistratesorpeentbodies；beorethanthegeneralhestate；andtheothertheexecutionofthatgeneralwill

　　　　butthoughthetribunalsoughtnottobefixed；thejudgntsought；andtosuabletotheletterofthelaheytobetheprivateopinionofthejudge；peoplehenliveinsociety；houtexactlyknohenatureoftheirobligations

　　　　thejudgesoughtlikeerankastheaagineheisfallenintothehandsofpersonsinhrigour

　　　　ifthelegislatureleavestheexecutivepoprisonthosesubjectse；inheyarereallyfree；beingsubjectonlytothepohelaw

　　　　butshouldthelegislaturethinkitselfindangerbysoseightauthorisetheexee；toirisonsuspectedpersons；hatcaseheirlibertyonlyforaopreserveitforever

　　　　andthisistheonlyreasonablethodthatagistracyoftheephori；andtothestateinquisitorsofvenice；ic

　　　　asinauntryofliberty；everynpossibleinlargestates；andinsllonesissubjecttonyinnveniences；itisfitthepeopleshouldtransactbytheirrepresentativesselves

　　　　theinhabitantsofapartieers；therefore；ofthelegislatureshouldnotbethegeneralbodyofthenation；butitisproperthatineverynsiderableplacearepresentativeshouldbeelectedbytheinhabitants8

　　　　thegreatadvantageofrepresentativesis；theirelyunfit；ocracy

　　　　itisnotatallneosturgentandpressingoightbestoppedbythecapriceofasingleperson

　　　　rsidneyabodyofpeople；asinholland；theyoughttobeacuntabletotheistituents；butitisadifferentthing
………………………………

第57节

　　　　inengland；heyaredeputedbyboroughs

　　　　alltheinhabitantsoftheseveraldistrieanasituationastobedeedtohavenoheirown

　　　　onegreatfaultthereostoftheaneexecution；athingofentbutforthechoosingofrepresentatives；enscapacities；yettherearenonebutarecapableofknoostofhisneighbours

　　　　neitheroughttherepresentativebodytobeent；forselves

　　　　insuonlibertyostofthepopularresolutionsthesharetheyhave；therefore；inthelegislatureoughttobeproportionedtotheirotheradvantagesinthestate；abodythathasarighttoentoftheirs

　　　　thelegislativepottedtothebodyofthenobles；andtothatbliesanddeliberationsapart；eachtheirseparatevieerests

　　　　ofthethreepoentioned；thejudieasurenexttonothing：thererein；therefore；onlytoderatethethepartofthelegislativebodyposedofthenobilityisextrelyproperforthispurpose

　　　　thebodyofthenobilityoughttobehereditaryinthefirstplaselvesareobnoxioustopopularenvy；andofurseinafreestatearealwaysindanger

　　　　butasahereditarypoightbetetedtopursueitsoaybegainedbyrruptingthenobility；asinthelaingtothesupplies；theyshouldhavenoothershareinthelegislationthanthepoing；andnotthatofresolving

　　　　bythepoeantherightofordainingbytheiroendingeantherightofannullingaresolutiontakenbyanother；eandthoughthepersonpossessedoftheprivilegeofrejeakenouseofhisprivilegeofrejecting；andisderivedfrohatveryprivilege

　　　　theexeent；havingneedofdespatany：ontheotherhand；esbetterregulatedbynythanbyasingleperson

　　　　butifthereonarberofpersonsseleespossess；an