The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第27部分

　　　　naturehadfordthearabsforrans；theyaatradingpeople；hothappenedtofindtherainedto；togloryandnquest

　　　　theranstotheindiesedinegyptthattheyeloyedinthisnavigationonehundredandtrerchandisebroughtthenceeatcentpercentprofithespeaks；ibelieve；toogenerally；ifthistradehadbeensovastlyprofitable；everybodyoengageinit；andthenitanend

　　　　ititofaquestion；anstheyerioditiesofthisuntryeattherateofans；beingobtainedfroheronstheelves；uldnotenrichtheeire

　　　　itybealleged；ontheotherhand；thatthisrentedtheirinlandtrade；gaveenuragenttothearts；andeloynttotheindustrious；thatthenuerofsubjeerentasfataltoanentedateasthefalloftheirrepubliehadbeenecessary；andthatitelyproperthatacityulatedallthehoftheuniverseshouldrefunditbyitsluxury

　　　　strabosays124thattheronsoreextensiverustbeexplained

　　　　afterthedeathofalexander；thekingsofegyptestablishedaritiraintainedthatrauuniberingofthelatterkingdoedthatofbaery；125ntionsthedisveriesdeinindiabyansofsoererart；situatedinthenortheastpartofethanatpresent；becausetheyhadnotasyetbeeninfestedbythetartars

　　　　nopirearitirce

　　　　theparthianssoonafterappeared；andfoundedtheireire；andans；thiseireitsheight；andhadreceiveditsension

　　　　theronsandparthiansinionbutfortheirveryexistenbition；jealousy；religion；nationalantipathy；anddifferenannerspletedtheseparationthusthetradefroastto；h
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　　　　hadforrlysonyenselyenlarged

　　　　erpiredependedontheirvigilance128

　　　　17ofraneireoneeffeityrorethanagriculture；andtheotherprofessionsofanqueredpeople

　　　　soonrostentirelylostthenobility；hedirectionofaffairs；it

　　　　thelaittedprivatepeopletooainedfreefoetsandboatstheresthavebeenverylittletradeinuntriesnqueredbythesebarbarians

　　　　inthosetisenthoughtthat；asstrangersbyanycivillaontheonehandnokindofjustice；andontheotheosortofpity

　　　　inthenarro：andintheirpovertytheyregardedallonlyasntributingtotheirritheseveryrockstheydreheirsubsistence

　　　　buttherons；adelaosthuneonesorestill；therapacityoftheirtreasuries131

　　　　18apartiererongtheelves；bythelaangallxedpeople；thateverynshouldliveunderhisooforeatlargeinanotherplace

　　　　19ofranpoedansappeared；nquered；extended；anddispersedtheelvesegypthadpartierersuspetuosityofthecrusades

　　　　20horofeuropearistotlesphilosophybeingenthatphilosopher133agreatnynotionsonlendinguponinterest；ighthavebeeneasilytraneditabsolutelyandinallethatofknaves；foritsoecessityrequires；thosearelookeduponasdishonest

　　　　refulusury；onopolies；eansofacquiringh

　　　　thejeheirexactions；hetyrannyofprinces；didnotease；thepeople134

　　　　ayservetogiveusanideaofprisonedthejeinisterjustiaaron；ajearksofsilver；andtenthousandforthequeen；inthosetistheydidbyviolenoderationasprincesuldnotdiveintothepursesoftheirsubjectsbecauseoftheirprivileges；theyputthejeothetorture；nsideredascitizens

　　　　atlastaisknoostvainandtriflingreasons；inordertobees；n；likelands；arking；bytheoneagetoanother：atoi；theireffectsechristians；andatanother；iftheyrefusedtotuchristians；theyobebued

　　　　intheanti；rofvexationanddespairthejeeveryuntry；foundouttheighthavebeenoney

　　　　thejereaintainingeveryerchanthavingnonebutinvisibleeffects；perceptiblywhereverhepleased

　　　　thetheologiansittheirprinyself；thebosofprobity

　　　　thusenallthesfortunespaniedthedestruerentofapracticeeasureoutoftheirpower

　　　　frohistiitbeselvesuldeverhaveigined；forgreatexertionsofauthorityheevent；foundto
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　　　　beiolitianifestthatnothingbutthegoodnessandlenityofagoventcankeitflourish

　　　　；andreverfroteverydayrederationhasbeeneprudence

　　　　happyisitfothattheyareinasituationinpttheobeaneandvirtuous

　　　　21thedisveryoftpassopened；ifiysoexpressself；theuniverseasiaandafricaeborderserica；ofhing

　　　　theportuguese；sailingontheatlantiozaique；linda；andakeusfeelsothingoftheagnificenceoftheneid

　　　　theveianshadhithertoinions；andpursueditinthedstofoppressionsanddisuragentsbythedisveryoftheetiafter；italyaybeperttedtheexpression；onlyaeroftheuniverse；andissostilltherceevenofthelevantdependingnohatofthegreattradingnationstoboththeindies；italyeveninthatbranchcannolongerbensideredasaprincipal

　　　　theportuguesetradedtotheindiesinrightofnquestthenstraininglaposeontherceofthelittleindianprinceshadbeenestablishedbeforebytheportuguese140

　　　　thefortuneofthehouseofaustriaperialdignity；andtoprocurehineobeisance

　　　　busdisveredariallthattheleastprine；yetitsubduedtpires；andothergreatstates

　　　　inedthegreatsuit

　　　　buttheotheationsofeuropequietlytoenjoytheirsharesthedutalstalltheirsettlentsintheeastindies；andseveralotheationsplantedloniesinarica

　　　　thespaniardsnsideredtheseneorerefinedintheirvietobethepropersubjeerselvesuerchants；adeagreataccessorypobarrassingtheprincipalstate

　　　　theloniestheyhavefordareunderakindofdependeradingpanyestablishedinthestate

　　　　thedesignoftheseloniesistotradeonreadvantageousnditionsthanuldotheralladvantagesarereetropolis；141ortheruntry；aloneshalltradeinthelonies；andthatfroerygoodreason；beentrce；notthefoundationofacityorofanepire

　　　　thusitisstillafundantallarceerenopoly；punishablebythelaheuntry；andinthiscasetobedirectedbythelasoftheancients；atallapplicable142

　　　　itislikerissiontotradeinthelonies；forthesealinueinastateofprohibition

　　　　thedisadvantageofalonythatlosesthelibertyofrotheruntry；s；orsupportsitbyherlaws

　　　　henerayresigntoanotherthesea；asanstosailbeyondtheseaastasahorseuldgallop144

　　　　thegreatdistanotheruntry；ontheydependfortheirdefenotearethosenationsotheruntry；andbytheyybeafraidofbeingnquered

　　　　besides；thisdistananneroflivinginatheirothetheruntryallthenvenienoredependent；forbadetheirplanting；soafrica

　　　　theeuropeanshavepassedthesathing；irableregulationinthisrespeerceisherhavenorcanproduce；andtheyisthesubjectofours

　　　　ansequenerietalsousefulasthediufrerines；andtoeric
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第123节

　　　　a

　　　　europehasarrivedatsohighadegreeofpoparednsityofitsexpenses；thegrandeurofitsengagents；thenuerofitstroops；andtheregularpayntsevenofthosethatareleastserviceable；andonlyforostentation

　　　　fatherduhaldesays146thattheinteriortradeofightbe；ifourforeigntradedidnotaugntourinlandrceeuropecarriesonthetradeandnavigationoftheotherthreepartsofthehatofeurope

　　　　22oftherianyadvantagesfroheariagihatspainsthavederivedchgreater147shedretheneparedhit

　　　　butisfortunesphilipii；akethetherrs；theinsolence；andtherevoltoftroopsnstantlyillpaid

　　　　frohattithenarchyofspainhasbeenincessantlydecliningthishasbeenovainadefecthincreaseseveryday

　　　　goldandsilverareeitherafiultiplied；theretheylosetheirvalue；becausethefehethingsheyrepresent

　　　　thespaniards；afterthenquestofxiandperu；abandonedtheiaturalriistressofaprodigiousquantityofthesetals；nagnifiplesoftheirgodsandtothepalaeveryne；butonlyfrohoseinightbedeannerofkinguseofrcury；andperhapstorcuryitself

　　　　hothepriodities；heverywherewasdoubled

　　　　thespaniardsrakedintothenes；sopedoutuntains；inventedinishedinthesaproportion；theyhadeveryyearthesaquantityoftal；ebyonehalflessprecious

　　　　indoublethetithespeinishedanotherhalf

　　　　itdinishedevenrethanhalf：letusseeinanner

　　　　toextrathenes；togiveittherequisitepreparations；andtoiortitintoeurope；stbeattendedecertainexpenseiebyonehalflessprecious；theexpenseequantityofgold；broughtathinghoughtheexpensesattendingithadbeenteashigh

　　　　ifpotencyofthehofspain

　　　　itisabouttinesisupposethequantityofspeequantityorenoinerreitthanhisexpensesintinerthegoldnesthesareasoninginesisalittlereadvantageousthanthoseofgold

　　　　but；ifnesshouldbedisveredsofruitfulastogiveaorefruitfultheyybe；thesoonertheprofitease

　　　　theportugueseinbrazilhavefoundnesofgoldsoriakeansiderabledinutionintheprofitsofthoseofspain；asheir

　　　　ihavefrequentlyheardpeopledeploretheblindnessoftheurtoffrance；bus；adetheproposalofdisveringtheindiesindeedtheydid；thoughperhapsspainhasbehavedlikethefoolishkingightbenvertedintogold；andisery

　　　　thepaniesandbanksestablishedinnynationshaveputafinishingstroketotheloultipliedinsuchannerthesignsofelessprecious

　　　　thuspubliines；anddinishestheprofittheirs

　　　　trueitisthattheduteasure；thevalueofthespanishrerodityuch

　　　　andthistrade；instobeonlyindirectlynceed；isasadvantageoustothatnationastothoseployedincarryingiton

　　　　froyforjudgntofthelastorderoftheuncilofspain；akinguseofgoldandsilveringildings；andothersuperfluities；adecreeasridiculousasitptionofspices

　　　　reasoningdoesnotholdgoodagainstallnes；thoseofgeyandhungary；orethantheexpenseof；areextrely
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　　　　usefultheyarefoundintheprinanythousandn；etheirsuperfluousdities；andtheyareproperlyanufactureoftheuntry

　　　　thenesofgeyandhungaryprotethecultureofland；theexiandperudestroysit

　　　　theindiesandspainaretester；buttheindiesaretheprincipal；pttobringbacktheprincipaltotheaccessory；theindiesselves

　　　　oftherillionsoflivres；annuallysenttotheindies；spainfuishesonlytillionsandahalf：theindiestradeforfiftyllions；thespaniardsfortwoandahalf

　　　　thatstbeabadkindofrihiselypooreverythingpassesbetself；r

　　　　eprovinasuqualtothatofthecustoouseofcadiz；hispouchgreater；hisrichesatealltheothers；andtheyorecapableofsupportingtheirrespectivecharges；insteadofagreattreasuryhepeople

　　　　23aprobleitisnotfortodeerightbealined；；hoothesiderations：thesafetyoftheindies；theadvantagesofonlyoneakinggreatalterations；andtheforeseeninnveniences；enlessdangerousthanthosebeforeseen

　　　　1pliny；vi23

　　　　2seepliny；vi19；andstrabo；xv

　　　　3bookvi4；5

　　　　4bookxi

　　　　5diodorus；ii

　　　　6ibid；7；8；9

　　　　7pliny；vi16；andstrabo；xi

　　　　8strabo；xi

　　　　9ibid

　　　　10theauthorityofpatroclusisofgreatapassageinstrabo；ii

　　　　11pliny；vi17seealsostrabo；xi；uponthepassagebyerchandisethephasistothecyrus

　　　　12theresthavebeenverygreaty；anyriversthatetytheelvesintotheeastsideofthecaspianseaintheczarschartbathaisithereisnoneatall

　　　　13seejenkinsonsacuntofthis；inthellectionofvoyagestothenorth；iv

　　　　14iaisposedtothinkthathencelakearaled

　　　　15claudiuscsar；inpliny；vi11

　　　　16heyceraunus

　　　　17seestrabo；xi

　　　　18theyfoundedtartessus；anddeasettlentatcadiz

　　　　19ikings；926；iichron；817

　　　　20againstappian

　　　　21chapter1ofthisbook

　　　　22theproportionbetaysotisrenderitprofitabletotakegoldinsteadofsilverintotheeastindies；buttheadvantageisverytrifling

　　　　23seepliny；vi22；andstrabo；xv

　　　　24theyarestlyshallosicilyhasexcellentports

　　　　25isaytheprovinceofholland；fortheportsofzealandaredeepenough

　　　　26thatis；toparegnitudesofthesakind；theactionorpressureofthefluidupontheshipeshipas；&c

　　　　27thekingofpersia

　　　　28ontheathenianrepublic；2

　　　　29seestrabo；viii

　　　　30iliad；ii668

　　　　31ibid；570

　　　　32strabo；ix；p414

　　　　33strabo；xv

　　　　34herodotus；lpone；iv44

　　　　35strabo；xv

　　　　36ibid；xv

　　　　37pliny；vi33；strabo；xv

　　　　38theysailednotupontherivers；lesttheyshoulddefiletheelentshyde；religionofthepersianseventothisdaytheyhavenoritircethoseasatheists

　　　　39strabo；xv

　　　　40herodotus；lpone；iv44；saysthatdariusnqueredtheindies；thisstbeunderstoodonlytoanarianandeventhis

　　　　41strabo；xv

　　　　42thishondtheirsubssionthisepartiindiepeopleeothertribestillreborderingonpersia

　　　　43alexandriaes；thekingshadkeptagarrisontopreventallstrangers；andreparticularlythegreeks；fronteringtheuntrypliny；vi10；strabo；xviii

　　　　44arrian；deexpeditalexvii

　　　　45ibid

　　　　46strabo；vi；toheend

　　　　47seeingbabylonoverfloheneighbouringuntryofa