The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第8部分

　　　　nthatasafalyeloyntotiveofvirtue；itfixeslikerepeentsuidasveryjustlyobservesthatanastasiushadploynts

　　　　plato62arinerorpilotofashipforhisneyisitpossiblethatthisruleshouldbebadineveryothereloyntoflife；andholdgoodonlyintheadnistrationofarepublielyent

　　　　5thquestionthefifthquestionisinentyansentisvirtueustnotigihatissions；bynegleples；andbytheseedsofrruption：；oughttofallundertheinquiryandrrectionofthecensors

　　　　entoftheareopagiteforkillingasparrosurprisedinalsentenentnanners

　　　　innarerarefoundedonhonour；andthenatureofhonouristohavetheanhisarticleissubjecttothereproachesevenofthosewhoarevoidofhonour

　　　　heretheonarchy；therruptionrather

　　　　henentstheexaleofthisrule；butheurseofthisheparticularreasonsofthatinstitution

　　　　1plutarch；solon

　　　　2ibid

　　　　3philolausofrinthdealaberoftheportionsoflandandthatofinheritancesshouldbealearistotle；politics；ii7；12

　　　　4laws；xi

　　　　5eliusnepos；prefaesthusabrahaaysofsarah；”sheissister；fathersdaughter；butnotthers”thesareasonsoelaongdifferentnations

　　　　6despecialibuslegibusqupertinentadprceptardecalogi

　　　　7bookx

　　　　8athenisdidiuiseneca；derteclaudii

　　　　9platohasalahiskindlaws；v

　　　　10aristotleii7

　　　　11solondefourinaseitherinorliquidfruits；thesend；ofthoseanuallabourplutarch；solon

　　　　12solonexployntsallthoseofthefourthclass

　　　　13theyinsisteduponalargerdivisionofthenqueredlandsplutaranders

　　　　14inthese；theportionsorfortunesofenoughttobeverychlited

　　　　15thegistratestherehesenatorsforlife

　　　　16ly；10§1；2；ordainedthatthesenatorsshouldbeangsttheoldn；totheendthattheyghtnotbenegleakingtheudgesoftheurageofyoungpeople；herenderedtheoldageoftheforrrehonourablethanthestrengthandvigourofthelatter

　　　　17eventheareopagusitselftotheircensure

　　　　18derepublaced；8

　　　　19ayseeintheronhistoryhoeofitsgreatestrruptionaulusfulviusback；andputhiodeathsallust；debellocatil；xxxiv

　　　　20inourdaystheveians；anyrespeainrespeinenceoveranyothercitizen

　　　　21itvirsinthettablesseedionysiushelicaassus；x

　　　　22asinsoaristoe；nothingisreprejudient

　　　　23seeinstrabo；xiv；inannertherhodiansbehavedinthisrespect

　　　　24alotdelahoussaye；ofthegoventofvenice；partiiitheclaudianlahesenatorstohaveanyshipatseathatheldabovefortybushelslivy；xxi63

　　　　25theinforrsthroheirscrollsintoit

　　　　26seelivy；xlixaadehisrerkannerabolished

　　　　27atathensthelogist；adeallthegistratesaselves

　　　　28itissopractisedatvenicealotdelahoussaye；pp30；31

　　　　29theindesignofsoaristocraciesseetobelessthesupportofthestatethanoftheiobility

　　　　30itistoleratedonlyinthenpeopleseeleg3；ddeetrcatoribus；hisfullofgoodsense

　　　　31testantpolit

　　　　32barbarisexequiregiuideturtacitus；annals；v32

　　　　33irsofcardinalderetz；andotherhistories

　　　　34testantpolit

　　　　35edifyingletters；llii；p315

　　　　36ntinuationofpufendorf；introductiontothehistoryofeurope；inthearticleonsweden；10

　　　　37acrdingtosirjohnchardin；thereisnouncilofstateinpersia

　　　　38seerianeire；p196

　　　　39seenodespartaseealsorianeire

　　　　40lleentoftheeastindiapany；ithelaruel；
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第31节

　　　　iftherehappentobechildren；thekingsucceedsonlytothirdsibid；iii；p1

　　　　41seethedifferentnstitutions；especiallythatof1722

　　　　42seejustin

　　　　43seethebookoflaatebookxiv；below

　　　　44laquilletiere；ancientanddesparta；p463

　　　　45thesaybesaidofpositionsinregardtofairbankrupts

　　　　46thereentdetillthejulianlfrorisonandfronignoniousdivisionoftheirgoodsd；iitit12

　　　　47theyseeohavebeentoofondofnfiscationsintherepublifathens

　　　　48authentinatoruddebonproscriptseuda

　　　　49delarepublique；v3

　　　　50utessephoebiduljaadentisseneca；troas；vi1

　　　　51lleentoftheeastindiapany；i；p80

　　　　52laws；xii

　　　　53leg6；§2；digadlegjulrepet

　　　　54nuscula

　　　　55plato；inhisrepubliarksoftherruptionofarepublicinhislatobepunishedbyafine；atvenicetheyarepunishedent

　　　　56viadeus

　　　　57soployntsyrades；”saidacenturion；”thatyoushouldlookuponeverypostashonourableinunityofdefendingtherepublic”livy；dec5；xlii；34

　　　　58neieriudoptisnobiliuransferretur；senatuilitiavetuitgallienus；etiadireexercituaureliusvictor；decsaribus

　　　　59augustusdeprivedthesenators；pronsuls；andgoveorsoftheprivilegeofsdio；xxxiii

　　　　60nstantineseezozis；ii

　　　　61aianusr；etbellarecturo

　　　　62republic；viii

　　　　63entsaregivenaway

　　　　bookvinsequenentspliinallaofjudgnts；andtheinflients

　　　　1ofthesilionaritofsogreatasilionarustgivetheirdeustbepreservedandleaed；thatayjudgeinthesannertodayasyesterday；andthatthelivesandpropertyofthecitizensybeascertainandfixedastheverynstitutionofthestate

　　　　innarportanceoftheinterestsonines

　　　　ustnot；therefore；besurprisedtofindsonyrules；restritokeofreasonitselfanart

　　　　thedifferenonarentsisfrequentlyattendedentyaugntthenuerofthesedistinongusgoodsaredividedintorealestates；purovablesofdifferentkinds；estatesheldinfeesile；orintail；austneedsdinishthesilicityofthelaws

　　　　inourgoventsthefiefshavebeehereditaryitightbealusthavebeenproduaybeallooregeneroussubsistence

　　　　thenareasures；andgovebyarigidandinflexibleinionsproducesthesaeffect；inshort；everythingbendsunderhisfeet

　　　　inproportionasthedeultipliedinnaretisesill；defended；or；infine；byreasonofaninfinitenuerofabuses；toanregulationsareliablethisisanee；asntraryeventothespiritofderategoventsforefrohenatureofthenstitution；andnotfrohentradictionoruncertaintyofthelaw

　　　　ingoventsustlikeinishesthesilicity；andcreatesathousandexceptions

　　　　oneoftheprivilegesleastburdensotosoesaquestionbeforeweshallplead

　　　　fardifferentistheentsinthoseuntriesiagistratetojudgeasthelandsbelongtotheprinselfinsountriesrenderallsortsofrultitudeofslaves；itfollooralaasters；andnotbythegistrates
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第32节

　　　　iforgottoobservethatasportanakentionofcivillaws1

　　　　alloberofladiatelydisvered

　　　　2ofthesiliinallaentsinisteredostignorantofallnationsshouldbethestankindtoknow

　　　　ifihesetforofjustierous：butifintherelationtheybeartothelibertyandsecurityofeveryindividual；toofehatthetrouble；expense；delays；andeventheverydangersofourjudiciaryproceedings；arethepricethateachsubjectpaysforhisliberty

　　　　inturkey；ethodofdeteingthesatterofindiffereninedthepasha；afteraquickhearing；ordersabouttheirbusiness

　　　　hereitind；andasteadinessinpursuingonespointallthisshouldbeavoidedinagoventent；andinanoughttoknoagistratestnothearhisnantioned；andthathissecuritydependsentirelyonhisbeingreducedtoakindofannihilation

　　　　butinderategovents；eanestsubjeanisstrippedofhishonourorpropertyuntilafteralonginquiry；andnonisbereftoflifetillhisveryuntryhasattaeansofkinghisdefence

　　　　hendiatelythinksofreduoreaffectedinded

　　　　inrepublialitiesatleastareneentstheyincreaseinproportiontothevalueonthehonour；fortune；liberty；andlifeofthesubject

　　　　inrepublients；nareallequal；equaltheyarealsoindespotients：intheforr；becausetheyareeverything；inthelatter；becausetheyarenothing

　　　　3inentsandinineaannerofjudgingbeessettledandfixed；henennerastheephori；buttheinnvenienceofthisproceedinginatelaws

　　　　indespotientstherearenolaselfishisoonar；ightbeexplainedtotheprejudiceofeverycitizen；incasesheirhonour；property；orlifeisnceed

　　　　atrothejudgeshadnoretodothantodeentaybeseenindiverslaentinflictedbythelahisheneedsonlytoopenhiseyes

　　　　4ofthennerofpassingjudgnthenentinnarethodofarbitration；theydeliberatetogether；theyniity；theyderatetheiropinions；inordertorendertheforbletothoseofothers：andthelesseuerareobligedtogiveajoritybutthisisnotagreeabletothenatureofarepublie”；3thisbeingethodsofarbitrationareabovetheirreandthentheyhaveonlytoseen；toaent

　　　　theronsintrodusofapleofthegreeks；andestablishedarulethateachcauseshouldbedirectedbyitsproperactionthisannerofjudging；itighthaveitalheireyesotherhisstateofthequestioninuallychange；andbenolongerdistinguished

　　　　henpledend；akinganyaddition；deduitationbuttheprtorsdevisedotherforofaonarchyhenceitisasayingangthefrenchlahatinfrance5allactionsareexbonafide

　　　　5inentsthesovereignybejudgechiavel6attributesthelossofthelibertyofflorencetothepeoplesnotjudginginabodyincasesofhightreasonagai
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第33节

　　　　nsttheelves；asaryatroforthispurposetheyhadeightjudges：”butthefeaxifthisgreatnbutasinthoseeasureovertheuchaspossibleforthesecurityofindividuals

　　　　selves7beforesentencenedshouldbesacred；topreventtheirbeingnfiscatedtothepeopleitationsthattothejudicatorypohepeople

　　　　solonkneightkeoftheirpoinaljudgntsheordainedthattheurtofareopagusshouldreexaheaffair；thatiftheybelievedthepartyaunjustlyndeed10theyshouldpreventtheexeaketheejudgetheproceedinganadrablelaagistracyostrevered；andeventotheirown

　　　　inaffairsofthiskinditisaledelays；espeaygroandgivetheirjudgntolly

　　　　indespotients；theprineansediateposofjudgntinds；andpalenessspreaditselfovereveryuntenanoreextendedisthepoonarch

　　　　onartobepunishedoracquittednoselftosituponthetrial；hehjudgeandparty

　　　　inthisgoventtheprininingcrinalcauses；hehjudgeandparty

　　　　further；bythisthodheselfofthestgloriousattributeofsovereignty；naly；thatofgrantingpardon；11forittokeandunkehisdecisions；surelyheself

　　　　besides；thispossibletotellanted；orreceivedhispardon

　　　　louisxiiibeingdesiroustositinjudgntuponthetrialofthedukedelavalette；12sentforsoersoftheparliantandoftheprivyunatter；upontheirbeingorderedbythekingtogivetheiropinionnajestyatthebarapersonovedeenttosee；ntrarytotheexaleofpastagesakingoffranningagentlentodeath”13

　　　　again；sentenaneerorsadastositasjudgestheelves；thensequencehatnoreignseversosurprisedthehoppressionandinjustice

　　　　”selfthedeteationoflaagistrates；gaveoannerofrapine”butnero；uponingtotheeireafterindsofthepeoplebydeclaring”thatheselfinprivatecauses；thatthepartiesghtnotbeexposeden”15

　　　　”underthereignofarus；16”asofselvesoneveryside；andinfestedtheurtuponapersonsdeuannothinguldberedesirablethandeath”

　　　　”forrly；”sayspropius18”thereusedtobeveryfeinisteringjustiperorsurt

　　　　thelaheseesptthefunpostors；istodeceivehi

　　　　6thatinnarinistersoftheprinnyarethereflectionsthatherearise；butthissingleoneypurpose

　　　　thereisintheverynatureofthingsakindofntrastbetposedofafeanythereasonis；intheforr；thingsshouldbeundertakenandnduenakeittheirsolebusinessonthentrary；inurtsofjudieasure；toallnnerofaffairs

　　　　7ofasinglegistrateagistracyofthiskind
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第34节

　　　　entanhistoryhoagistrateyabusehisponalllavirhehadsuboedantoreentadeofittothepresentcase20

　　　　8ofaentsatro21ititedzealforthepubliaxiofinforrsinalsnationghtbeagreeabletotheprince；thisent；22butluckilyrangerstoitinouruntry

　　　　irablelaely；thatbyesinhisnhenersisathingunknoentionhisauthor

　　　　byplatoslaortoassistthegistratesareliabletopunishntthisbesoproperinourdaysthepublicprosecutorchesforthesafetyofthecitizens；heproceedsinhisofficeheyenjoytheirquietandease

　　　　9oftheseverityofpunishntsindifferentgoventstheseverityofpunishntsisfitterfordespotients；onarchyorarepublic；ue

　　　　inderategovents；theloveofonesuntry；sha；andthefearofblaarerestrainingtives；ultitudeofcrisherethegreatestpunishntofabadactionisnvictionthecivillauchforceandseverity

　　　　inthosestatesagoodlegislatorislessbentuponpunishingthanpreventingoralsthantoinflictpenalties

　　　　itisanstantrerkoftheorethepenallapire；thenearertheydreentsentedinproportionasthepublicralsed

　　　　itattertoprovethatinall；oralstall；thegoventsofeurope；penaltieshaveininishedinproportionasthosegoventsfav