《The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)》

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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)- 第9部分


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sfavouredordisuragedliberty

    indespotients;peoplearesounhappyastohaveagreaterdreadofdeaththanregretforthelossoflife;nsequentlytheirpunishntsoughttoberesevereinderatestatestheyarereafraidoflosingtheirlivesthanapprehensiveofthepainofdying;thosepunishnts;therefore;silyoflifearesufficient

    ninexiseryareequallyinedioixtureofprosperousandadversefortune;thatinspiresushlenityandpity

    oderategovents

    annature

    inderategovents;agoodlegislatorykeuseofeverythingbyentisitnotveryextraordinarythatoneofthetohavenopanyathobutvirginsinshort;entissucheffectively

    10oftheanulinal26anloseshishonourandhisvoiceinurt;ent

    11thatentsareneehadsoshareofprobitysuchagihatinsteadofpreceptsitunsels

    thepunishntsoftheregallaostallabolishedinthetioftherepubliinistration

    thisvalerianlaagistratesfrosingviolentthodsagainstaentonthepersonan29

    12ofthepoentsexperienents

    ifaninnvenienentendeavourssuddenlytoredressit;andinsteadofputtingtheoldlaeaginationgroedtothesevereasilderpunishnt;andasthefearofthelatterdinishes;theyaresoonobligedineveryerrobberiesonthehigheninsountries;inordertoredythisevil;theyinventedthepunishntofbreakingupontheischievouspracticebutsoonafterrobberiesonthehigheas
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第35节

    nasever

    desertioninourdayshasgroberdidnotdinishthereasonisverynatural;asoldier;ae;ituent30yforlife;thepenaltyinished

    nkindstnotbegoveedueansifanrruptions;theiunityofthederationofpunishnts

    letusfolloetonforhissurge;andlettheheaviestpartofthepunishntbetheinfaattendingit

    butiftherebesountrieseisnotansequenent;thisstbeoepenaltiesonvillainsandhonestn

    andifthereareothersenaredeterredonlybyentiesforslighttransgressions

    itoftenhappensthatalegislator;desirousofredyinganabuse;thinksofnothingelse;hiseyesareopenonlytothisobjethisseverity;thendsofthepeoplearerrupted;andbeehabituatedtodespotis

    lysander31havingobtainedaviakeprisonerstheatheniansassacred;exceptadyntes;inds;andgivenlessonsofcrueltytoallgreece

    ”theargives;”saysplutarightpleasethegodstotutheheartsoftheatheniansfroocruelathought”

    therearetedyitself

    13insuffiayevenrruptadespotient;ofthisanceinjapan

    herealstalloususervitude;andareoperorisuniversalproprietor;alstallcrisaredirectlyagainsthisinterests

    theypunishagistrate;34aproceedingntrarytonaturaldefence

    eventhingseareseverelypunished;forinstance;anthatventureshisneyatplayisputtodeath

    trueitisthattheazinglyobstinate;ities;seetoabsolvetheirlegislatorsfroheiutationofendedordeterred;orratheraretheynothardened;bythentinualprospeents

    therelationsoftravellersinfors;ustbetreatedthereildness;beent;thattheirslavesstnotbetooroughlyused;beighteasilyhavejudgedofthespiritentfrohatestices

    apeoplebyajustteeratureofpunishntsandreaxiofphilosophy;rality;andreligion;adaptedtothoseentofeaseandtranquillityoflifeandshouldhehaveentertainedanyapprehensionthattheids;beinginuredtotheents;ildeature;heself35inanothener;andgainedhispointbydegrees;inpartient;tillheshouldhavebeenabletoextendthistigationtoallcases

    butthesearespringstoayabuseitself;andthatisallitadeitsutsteffort;andhassurpassedevenitselfincruelty

    asthendsofthepeoplegreosthorridseverity

    thisistheorigin;thisthespirit;ofthelaorefury;hoarksoftheirweakness

    berofthoseurderedinthataidsandboysttedinallparts;thebelliesofhorsesselvestothedangerofbeingassassinated;cado

    ishallheregiveoneinstanthesanationtheeerorhavingabandonedhielftoinfauspleasures;livedunrried;andtsels;oneherriedoutofrespepiretobesentfor;butallto
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第36节

    nopurposeatlength;anarurersdaughterhavingpleasedhisfaneanextraselves;stifledtheeasure;theyarefrequentlyobligedtopreferiunitytoit

    14ofthespiritoftheronsenateunderthensulateofaoreseverepunishntstobeestablishedagainstthisderatepunishntsinds;butsthavealsothiseffect;thattheren;oderatepenalties;therecusers

    15oftheronlaentsiatronglynfirdinsentintsuponfindingtheronsonside;andithinkthatpunishntsarenneent

    theregallaadeforfugitives;slaves;andvagabonds;enedattyrannynfogtoarepublicanspirit

    livysays;40inrelationtothepunishntoftiussuffetius;dibrananityseedtohavebeenlostheisstaken;thetablesarefullofverycruellaws41

    thedesignofthedeentpronounbledbutpersonsedatthesubversionoflibertyightreviveitsspirit42

    aftertheexpulsionofthedeceirs;alstallthepenallaeshouldbeputtodeath;theyheruse

    thisisexaents

    butiftothelenityofpenallaentansfollohespiritobenaturaltoarepublic

    sulla;adetheelianlaedtohaventrivedregulationsrelyesthusdistinguishinganinfinitenuerofaeofrder;hefoundrderersinallparts;andbyaprauchfollohos;andopenedprecipices;hecitizenssettheirfeet

    alstallsullaslaebolderintheperpetrationofcris

    theeerors;havingestablishedalitarygovent;soonfoundthatitperit;andhthisvieodignities;andtotherespecthhosedignitiestended

    thegoventthusdreonarchy;andpunishntsild:thoseoresevere;and;infine;suchasnceedonlypersonsoftheloostrigorous

    xinus;thatfierilitarygovented;saysehadbeenedasifheilitarydisodelofinistration

    inthensiderationontheriseanddeangrandeur50annestantineintoalitaryandent;anddreonarindolenpunity

    16ofthejustproportionbetentsandents;bealler;andthatorepeicioustosocietyratherthanthathisless

    ”aniostor;51selfnstantineduentsbeteofhightreasonandthatofcaluy

    thisputsinndofasayingofanhadttedheinisters””thefool”saidtheking;”ethey”

    ”seventypersonshavingnspiredagainsttheeerorbasil;heorderedtheobebythegirdle;uponagihatthesaprinceuldeverhavepassedtents

    itisagreatabuseangstustondetothesapunishntapersonthatonlyrobsonthehighurderssurely;forthepubliadeinthepunishnt

    inchina;thoseurderto
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第37节

    robberyarecutinpieces:53butnotsotheothers;tothisdifferenceitisourder

    inrussia;entofrobberyandrderisthesa;theyalurder54thedead;saythey;tellnotales

    eintheexpeurderonthehighehopesoftransportation;trder

    lettersofgraoderategoventsthispoirableeffeent;hergrantsnorreceivesanypardon;deprivesitoftheseadvantages

    17oftheraesthela;asiftheyspokebytheuthoftruththusate;thelaother;asifsheinalscannotbedefendedonalikepleaofnecessity

    pleofanationblessedent;55inalsisrejecteditisnot;therefore;initsourenecessary56

    sonynofleaingandgeniushaveoftorturingetoddleightsuitdespotiansbutnaturecriesoutaloud;andassertsherrights

    18ofpeentsouranans;adttedofnonebutpeighteludethebutarenottheriightnotpeightnotinfabeaddedtothosepunishnts

    agoodlegislatortakesajustdiuheordainsneitheralents

    19ofthelaplelaentsadtofitsotis;buterexerekindoflitation

    thelaittedtnedtoretaliation;butanner59sendly;aftedeationtheyghtpaydagesandinterest;60andthentherporalent61

    20ofthepunishntoffathersfortheesoftheirderivedfrohenotionofdespotiprovedthisstillsupposesthatthereisnohonourangthechineseangstus;parentsnedbythelae;astheyhelossoftheirlives

    21oftheenary;beplesofseverityitisrenesofjustiedbysha;hedelinquent

    thegreatninnaraginaryoftheirfortune;isneedlessitploynts

    astheinstabilityofthegreatisnaturaltoadespotient;sotheirsecurityisinteronarchy

    sonyaretheadvantagesonare;andendeartheotheirsubjetohaveanopportunityofdisplayingit;ing

    sobranesfightfortheircroheydonotfightfortheirlife

    butsoyaskoreeasilyfeltthatpresthatiecilityptandtotheveryincapacityofpunishing

    theeeroruriesatallisaaperorsforgotthatitfoothingtheyrustedhthesword

    1inzulipatatuldneverbefoundoutthatthereentoftheeastindiapany;iv;parti;p391theindiansareregulatedintheirdesthevedanandsuchbooksdonotntaincivillareligiouspreceptsseeedifyingletters;llxiv

    2csar;cronyothers

    3nonliquet

    4quasanesqueessevolueruntdigdeorigjur;ii;§6

    5infranorethanheosifhehasnotofferedtopaytheexactdebt

    6disurseonthefirstdecadeoflivy;i7

    7thisisionproccina;toheend;100

    8thisosthenessocratesre
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第38节

    fusedtokeuseofit

    9desthenes;prorona;p494;frankfort;1604

    10seephilostratus;livesofthesophists;ilifeofschines

    11platodoesnotthinkitrightthatkings;nedtodeath;toexile;ortoirisonnt

    12seetheaeirsofntresor;ii;p62

    13iteanhinactoftyrannyvoltaire

    14annals;xi5

    15ibid;xiii4

    16histories;v

    17thesadisorderhappenedundertheodosiustheyounger

    18secrethistory

    19seeleg2;§24;digffdeorigjur

    20quodpaterpuellinjuriaesseratuslivy;deci;iii44

    21andinagreatnyothercities

    22seeintacitusthereersannals;i30

    23bookix

    24ishallshoecaseasarepubliranarchy

    25suppose;forinstanonpeoplepaidafineoffortysous;andthenobilityofsixtylivressoerurale;ii;p198;edgoth1512;andbeaunoir;61;p309

    26seetheuncilofpeterdefontaines;13;especiallyart22

    27itadebyvaleriuspublilasoonafterthee9;thequestionoreperfect”diligentiussanctu”sayslivy;ibid

    28lexporlataitadeinthe454thyearofthefoundationofro

    29nihilultraquarobefactudjecetlivy;loccit

    30theyslithisnoseorcutoffhisears

    31xenophon;hist;iii8;§§2022

    32ofthoserustedhthedirectionofthestateaffairs;14

    33seekefer

    34lleentoftheeastindiapany;iii;parti;p428

    35letthisbeobservedasaxinpraents

    36lleentoftheeastindiapany;v;p2

    37ibid

    38theguiltynedtoafine;theyuldnotbeadttedintotherankofsenators;noonatedtoanypublifficedio;xxxvi21

    39ibid

    40booki28

    41entoffire;andgenerallycapitalpunishnts;theftpunishedhdeath;&c

    42sulla;anitedespiritasthedeentingthepenallasatiricalers

    43booki;28

    44poenasfaauxit;oniisexularentsuetoniusinlifeofjuliuscsar;162

    45seetheleg3;§legis;adlegel;desicariis;andavastnuerofothersinthedigestandinthedex

    46subliores

    47dios

    48infiosleg3;§legis;adlegel;desicariis

    49julcap;xiniduo;8

    50chapter17

    51histofnicephorus;patriarchofnstantinople

    52innicephorushistory

    53fatherduhalde;i;p6

    54presentstateofrussia;perry

    55theenglish

    56theajest;shoilitaryprofessionexetedpeoplefroheraadebythelahevisigoths

    57seekefer

    58itisestablishedinthekoranseethechapter;ofthew

    59siruupit;nicuopacit;talioestoaulusgellius;xxi

    60ibid

    61seealsothelahevisigoths;vi;tit4;§§3;5

    62seegarcilasso;historyofthecivilhespaniardsintheindies

    63”insteadofpunishingthe”saysplato;”theyoughttobendedfoothavingfollople”laws;ix

    64fragntofsuidas;innstantineporphyrogenitus

    bookviinsequenentsptuarylaen

    1ofluxuryluxuryiseverinproportiontotheinequalityoffortunesiftherichesofastateareequallydividedthereerelyonthenveniencesacquiredbythelabourofothers

    inordertohavethisequaldistributionofriches;thelaanonlyeherseansaninequalityablished

    supposing;theluxuryofthose;hisluxuryoone;hethathasdoublethelatterssubstanceothree;ifthisbestilldoubled;thereoseven;sothatthepropertyofthesubsequentindividualbeingalothatofthepreceding;theluxurybealhisprogression;0;1;3;7;15;31;63;127

    inplatosrepublic;1luxuryghthavebeenexactlycalculatedtherebeyondpoverty;thesendeticalproportion

    nsideringtheluxuryofdifferentnationspoundproportiontotheinequalityoffortunesangthesubjeeinequalityoffortunes;butthepovertyofthefroavingsoent

    luxuryisalsoinproportiontothepopulousnessofthetohecapital;sothat
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第39节

    itisin
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