《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第12部分


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    ruescientificdisciplinecanenableascientisttotakedelightinthe

    disverythatanearthhasacertainprotectivevering;foritisonthe

    ainutelyobservedfactsthatsciencegregenerationto

    generationtoitspresentgnificentattainntshoutthatscientifiutlook;and

    ourandnsense;thechinesestnecessarilynsiderthestudyandobservationofthelifeofanearthorofagoldfishas

    beneaththedignityofascholar

    ivlogic

    thisbringsustotheproblefchineselogic;hechinese

    nceptionoftruthtruth;acrdingtochinese;canneverbeproved:itcanonlybe

    suggestedchuangtselongagopointedoutthesubjectivityofknowledgeinhis

    ckiwulun:

    inanarguntbete;youthinkyouhavegotthebetterof;andi

    ityoursuperioritythenareyoureallyright;andireallyhinki

    havegotthebetterofyouandyouitsuperiority梩henareally

    rightandyoureallyhright;orperhapsareh

    knohusircledindarkness;andwhois

    goingtoestablishthetruthifanhyouestabli**;thenhe

    alreadyagreeshyou;sohoabli**ifoneh

    establishthetruth;thenhealreadyagreese;sohoabli**if

    onehbothofusestablishthetruth;thenhealreadydisagrees

    hbothofus;sohoabli**ifonehbothofus

    establishthetruth;thenhealreadyagreeshbothofus;sohoabli**

    thusyouandiandotherpeoplecannotknohetruth;andhoforthe

    otherone

    acrdingtothistheoryofknoaybe

    graspedbythendina”dialectichoutseone”knoisso

    anner

    of;”itcanthereforebefeltonlybyasortofintuitiveperceptionthechinese;hout

    allnsology;essentiallyagreehit

    insteadofrelyingonlogic;heyrelyonthe

    perhapshealthiesenseanythinglikegentreasoningisunknownin

    chineseliterature;forthechineseinherentlydisbelieveinitnsequentlyno

    dialeisunknown

    behardkarlgrenrecentlyanyargunts

    usedbychinese”highercritics”inprovingthegenuinenessorspuriousnessofancient

    eofthestakesreallyseeoafterthe

    applicationoftheethodachineseneveresatreatiseoftenthousand;

    orevenfivethousand;oestablishapointheputsdoeaboutit;

    leavingittobesustainedordisprovedbyposterityonitsintrinsicritthatiswhy

    chinesescholarsalanyllectionsof”notebooks;”called

    shuipiorpichi;nsistingofunclassifiedparagraphs;inhe

    authorshipofliteraryixedupesetsandsketchesofaredbeardedheroora

    centipedeeatingrecluse

    achineseauthorpresentsyouentsandthenstateshis

    n;youseldoirseehirrivingatthenclusion;forthe

    arguntsancevidencesareneverlong;butyouseeinaflashthathealreadyhasit

    thebestofsuchnotebooks;likethejihchihluofkiyenhe

    seventeenthcentury;establishtheireputation;notbytheirlogicbutbytheessential

    rreents;erity

    theetistheresultofyears

    ofresearinationofasinglpointof

    historicfactghthaveinvolvedrepeatedtripsandanencyclopaedicerudition;but

    hiserrorsarediffidiately

    visible;andcanonlybeappreciatedbecauseno

    hasbeenabletoestablishapointagainsthi

    thusnsense;akestheplaceof

    induonsenseisoftensanerbecausethe

    analyticreasoninglook
………………………………

第31节

    sattruthbycuttingitupintovariousaspects;thusthrowing

    theutoftheiaturalbearings;nsenseseizesthesituationasaliving

    enhavearerobustnsensethann;andintisofany

    ergenan

    theyhaveauationinitstotalityhoutbeingdistractedbyits

    individualaspeberdreandthe

    tehsaopaoyenanunutholdnschats;theenarepicturedasthe

    soundestjudgesofsituations;andtheirspeechhasatingitasarounded

    elyfasonsenseisdangerous;

    be;ic

    brain;toevolveargunts”a;””b”and”c”tohisoaybe

    likethesriddlerchan

    uldperceiveinthelifeofhisownwife

    thisreligionofnsensehasaphilosophicbasisitisinterestingtonotethatthe

    chinesedonotjudgetherrectnessofapropositionbytheappealtoreasonalone;

    butbythedoubleappealtoreasonandtohunnaturethechinesewordfor

    ”reasonableness”isckingli》posedoftents;ckingjencking

    orhunnature;andlifienli;oretealreasonckingrepresentstheflexible;

    hunelent;tablelaheuniverseoutofthe

    binationofthesetesthestandardofjudgntforaurseof

    actionoranhistoricalthesis

    sothingofthisdistinaybeseenintheenglishntrastbetween”reason”

    and”reasonableness”itanisareasoning;but

    notareasonable;beingitsthis;butaddsthatnshouldtrytobeareasonable;andnotarelyreasoning;beingbythechinese;reasonableness

    isplacedonahigherlevelthanreasonforract;analytical;

    idealisticandinclinedtoes;thespiritofreasonablenessisalways

    rerealistian;inclosertouchoretrulyunderstanding

    andappreciativeoftherrectsituation

    foraeeritisusuallysufficientforapropositiontobelogicallysoundfora

    ustbeatthe

    satiinacrdannatureinfact;tobe”inacrdan

    nature;35tobechinching;isagreatesiderationthantobelogicalforatheory

    uldbesologicalastobetotallydevoidoff&oasensethechinesearewilling

    todoanythingagainstreason;buttheyacceptanythingthatisnotplausiblein

    thelightofhunnaturethisspiritofreasonablenessandthisreligionofn

    sensehaveastiortantbearingonthechineseidealoflife;andresultinthe

    doean;hefolloer

    vintuition

    nevertheless;thistypeofthinkinghasitslitations;tooforthelogifn

    sensearaffairsandactions;itcannotbeappliedtothe

    solutionofthriddlesoftheuniverseonecanusereasonablenesstosettleadispute

    butnottoloihefunction

    ofthepancreaticjuicehenceindiviningnaturessteriesandthesecretsofth《

    hunbody;thechinesehavetoresortlargelytointuitionstrangelyenough;they

    haveintuitivelyfeltthehearttobnlyknehisfacttheywould

    notbeinterestedinpreachingchristianityinchinaandinkingnvertsof

    halfnorldeings

    suadeinperfectseriousnessandinfactaretypicalofchinese

    ”intuition”intherealofnaturalscienceandhunphysiologyonebeginsto

    believethatthereissothingafterallinthescientificthod;forethod;

    thoughoneghtbeseriouslynceedinthefindingsthatthe”priryfunctionof

    sugarinthenufaistosenit;53yetoneuldbesaved

    froheothersortofpuerilethinkingrepresentedbytheauthoroftheabovenotebooksheuldatleasthavefeltthepalpitationofhisheartbyhiso

    evidentlytheanuallabour

    freethusfrotupiddrudgeryintheuseofhiseyesandhishands;andhavinga

    naivefaithinthepouition;”thechinesescholargoesaboutexplaining

    thesteriesofthehunbodyandtheuniversetohisoisfactionthewhole

    sedicineandphysiologyisbasedonthetaoisticphilosophyofthe

    fiveelentsgold;anbodyisinitselfa

    syoloftheuniverseinitspositionthekidneysrepresenttheent;

    thestochrepresentstheearthelent;theliverrepresentsthefireelent;the

    lungsrepresentthegoldelentandtheheartrepresentstheentnotthat

    thisdihighbloodpressureis

    nsideredtohavetooa”liverfire;”ansufferingfrondigestion

    ybereferredtoashavingtoochearth;andalaxativeisusedtoenuragethe

    functionofthekidneysbyentandtheindigestionis

    usuallycuredifanissufferingfroervoustrouble;heshoulddrinkalotof

    penalittleof

    th
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第32节

    e”liverfire”andthushelpintaininhireequableteerthereisno

    doubtthatchinesedicinehequarrelisonlyhitsdiagnosis

    hereenterthesurvivalsofsavagetraitsinchinesethinkinguncheckedbya

    sandoftenbordersonanaiveigination

    sokindsofereplayofe

    fantasticassociationofthoughtthetoadhecure

    ofskintroubles;andapeculiarkindoffrogthatlivesinol;deeppondsonhillsides

    issupposedtohavea”oling”effeforthelastthe

    loentsofacertain”lungshaped

    plant”ndedasthebestcurefor

    tuberculosisandthisgoesoninanuninterruptedseriesuntiletothepopular

    beliefthataschoolboyshouldnoteatchickensclahedevelopthehabitof

    scratchingthepagesofhisbook

    thesuperstitiousbeliefinthepoaybetracedinalldepartntsoflife;

    forherensense;buthasurvival

    ofthesavagestateofnddistinguish;andisnotinterestedin

    distinguishingplayfulfancyfroerioustruththebatandthedeerarepopular

    tivesforeroideryonyor”luck”

    andtheonyor”officialpohechinesebrideand

    bridegrooave;aftertheony;adinneradeuxnsistingofapigs

    heart;beeheart;”hewordfor

    ”hay”

    itisdiffierelight

    playfulfananroubleduoverthefishatdinnerintheboat;sthe

    ”overtuing”oftiieboatitselfhedoesnotquiteknoheritistrueoot;but

    ”sopeoplesayandheisnotinterestedinundertakingaresearchtoverifyititisa

    stateofndthatbelongstotheborderlandoftruthandfiction;ruthand

    fiixed;asinadrearstale

    viigination

    thisnaiveteusttrytounderstand;foritbringsustothehechinese

    iginationandeanagoodheavenandahothell

    andreal;livingspirits;andnotthe”kingdohinyou”ofthebostonunitarians;

    orthebeliefintheiersonalandarphous”poakes

    forrighteousness”oftthewaold

    thisaginationisnotnfinedtotheilliteratenfuciushielf

    exhibitedacertainnairegardingthespiritsotryto

    pleasethegodofthesoutherofthehouse;itotryto

    pleasethegodofthekitchenstove”hespokeofthespiritsind

    ing:”offersacrificestothespiritsasifthespiritswere

    present;”and”respectthespirits;butkeepthetadistance”heolet

    thespiritsexistiftheygohisownway

    hanyii;thegreatnfucianistofthetangdynasty;ntinuedthisnaiveattitudehe

    andedandpelledtogototheneighbourhoodofde

    sagistrate;andaninvasion

    ofcrodiles;heeahighfloothecrodilesthe

    edtoappreciatehisliterarystyleforhehebestersin

    the

    districtitiletoaskifhesincerelybelievedinitoottoaskthat

    questionispletelytosunderstandthesituation;forhisreplyost

    probablybe:hoistrue;buthoisuntrueitwasan

    agnosticisttedtheiossibilityofsettlingthequestionhour

    ntalpoind;andhe

    anousessaydissuadingthe

    eerorfroendingadelegationtobringbaindiai

    aureheposedthatsacrificialappealtothe

    orerationalisticinteerant;

    likethatofssuhefolloy;riedtodisprovethe

    buddhistichellbyaskingedofhelluntilthey

    heardofbuddhisbutsuisnottypiind

    tothestaginationarethelovely

    feleghoststhattheagination;suaaleghosts

    andspiritsofene

    idservantandthusnicatetheirplaintstotheliving;andthedead

    schildrenitisthesestoriesh

    theirhuntouchostlovedbythechinesepeopleforthechinese

    ghostsarean;andthefeleghostsareoo:

    theyloveandbeejealousandtakepartintheordinaryhunlife

    itisnotthekindofghoststhatscholarsneedfearheyarealoneatnightintheir

    studiesforpisbuinglohescholarhasfallenasleep;hehears

    thenoiseofasilkendressandopenshiseyestoseeadereidenofsixteenor

    seventeen;ilingathisheis

    usuallyapassionatecreature;forihavenodoubtthesestoriesaretheent

    ofthesolitarysneyandhelphihroughpoverty;

    byallsortsofcunningthroughsicknessore

    gentlenessthananaveragedenursees

    t
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