ruescientificdisciplinecanenableascientisttotakedelightinthe
disverythatanearthhasacertainprotectivevering;foritisonthe
ainutelyobservedfactsthatsciencegregenerationto
generationtoitspresentgnificentattainntshoutthatscientifiutlook;and
ourandnsense;thechinesestnecessarilynsiderthestudyandobservationofthelifeofanearthorofagoldfishas
beneaththedignityofascholar
ivlogic
thisbringsustotheproblefchineselogic;hechinese
nceptionoftruthtruth;acrdingtochinese;canneverbeproved:itcanonlybe
suggestedchuangtselongagopointedoutthesubjectivityofknowledgeinhis
ckiwulun:
inanarguntbete;youthinkyouhavegotthebetterof;andi
ityoursuperioritythenareyoureallyright;andireallyhinki
havegotthebetterofyouandyouitsuperiority梩henareally
rightandyoureallyhright;orperhapsareh
knohusircledindarkness;andwhois
goingtoestablishthetruthifanhyouestabli**;thenhe
alreadyagreeshyou;sohoabli**ifoneh
establishthetruth;thenhealreadyagreese;sohoabli**if
onehbothofusestablishthetruth;thenhealreadydisagrees
hbothofus;sohoabli**ifonehbothofus
establishthetruth;thenhealreadyagreeshbothofus;sohoabli**
thusyouandiandotherpeoplecannotknohetruth;andhoforthe
otherone
acrdingtothistheoryofknoaybe
graspedbythendina”dialectichoutseone”knoisso
anner
of;”itcanthereforebefeltonlybyasortofintuitiveperceptionthechinese;hout
allnsology;essentiallyagreehit
insteadofrelyingonlogic;heyrelyonthe
perhapshealthiesenseanythinglikegentreasoningisunknownin
chineseliterature;forthechineseinherentlydisbelieveinitnsequentlyno
dialeisunknown
behardkarlgrenrecentlyanyargunts
usedbychinese”highercritics”inprovingthegenuinenessorspuriousnessofancient
eofthestakesreallyseeoafterthe
applicationoftheethodachineseneveresatreatiseoftenthousand;
orevenfivethousand;oestablishapointheputsdoeaboutit;
leavingittobesustainedordisprovedbyposterityonitsintrinsicritthatiswhy
chinesescholarsalanyllectionsof”notebooks;”called
shuipiorpichi;nsistingofunclassifiedparagraphs;inhe
authorshipofliteraryixedupesetsandsketchesofaredbeardedheroora
centipedeeatingrecluse
achineseauthorpresentsyouentsandthenstateshis
n;youseldoirseehirrivingatthenclusion;forthe
arguntsancevidencesareneverlong;butyouseeinaflashthathealreadyhasit
thebestofsuchnotebooks;likethejihchihluofkiyenhe
seventeenthcentury;establishtheireputation;notbytheirlogicbutbytheessential
rreents;erity
theetistheresultofyears
ofresearinationofasinglpointof
historicfactghthaveinvolvedrepeatedtripsandanencyclopaedicerudition;but
hiserrorsarediffidiately
visible;andcanonlybeappreciatedbecauseno
hasbeenabletoestablishapointagainsthi
thusnsense;akestheplaceof
induonsenseisoftensanerbecausethe
analyticreasoninglook
………………………………
第31节
sattruthbycuttingitupintovariousaspects;thusthrowing
theutoftheiaturalbearings;nsenseseizesthesituationasaliving
enhavearerobustnsensethann;andintisofany
ergenan
theyhaveauationinitstotalityhoutbeingdistractedbyits
individualaspeberdreandthe
tehsaopaoyenanunutholdnschats;theenarepicturedasthe
soundestjudgesofsituations;andtheirspeechhasatingitasarounded
elyfasonsenseisdangerous;
be;ic
brain;toevolveargunts”a;””b”and”c”tohisoaybe
likethesriddlerchan
uldperceiveinthelifeofhisownwife
thisreligionofnsensehasaphilosophicbasisitisinterestingtonotethatthe
chinesedonotjudgetherrectnessofapropositionbytheappealtoreasonalone;
butbythedoubleappealtoreasonandtohunnaturethechinesewordfor
”reasonableness”isckingli》posedoftents;ckingjencking
orhunnature;andlifienli;oretealreasonckingrepresentstheflexible;
hunelent;tablelaheuniverseoutofthe
binationofthesetesthestandardofjudgntforaurseof
actionoranhistoricalthesis
sothingofthisdistinaybeseenintheenglishntrastbetween”reason”
and”reasonableness”itanisareasoning;but
notareasonable;beingitsthis;butaddsthatnshouldtrytobeareasonable;andnotarelyreasoning;beingbythechinese;reasonableness
isplacedonahigherlevelthanreasonforract;analytical;
idealisticandinclinedtoes;thespiritofreasonablenessisalways
rerealistian;inclosertouchoretrulyunderstanding
andappreciativeoftherrectsituation
foraeeritisusuallysufficientforapropositiontobelogicallysoundfora
ustbeatthe
satiinacrdannatureinfact;tobe”inacrdan
nature;35tobechinching;isagreatesiderationthantobelogicalforatheory
uldbesologicalastobetotallydevoidoff&oasensethechinesearewilling
todoanythingagainstreason;buttheyacceptanythingthatisnotplausiblein
thelightofhunnaturethisspiritofreasonablenessandthisreligionofn
sensehaveastiortantbearingonthechineseidealoflife;andresultinthe
doean;hefolloer
vintuition
nevertheless;thistypeofthinkinghasitslitations;tooforthelogifn
sensearaffairsandactions;itcannotbeappliedtothe
solutionofthriddlesoftheuniverseonecanusereasonablenesstosettleadispute
butnottoloihefunction
ofthepancreaticjuicehenceindiviningnaturessteriesandthesecretsofth《
hunbody;thechinesehavetoresortlargelytointuitionstrangelyenough;they
haveintuitivelyfeltthehearttobnlyknehisfacttheywould
notbeinterestedinpreachingchristianityinchinaandinkingnvertsof
halfnorldeings
suadeinperfectseriousnessandinfactaretypicalofchinese
”intuition”intherealofnaturalscienceandhunphysiologyonebeginsto
believethatthereissothingafterallinthescientificthod;forethod;
thoughoneghtbeseriouslynceedinthefindingsthatthe”priryfunctionof
sugarinthenufaistosenit;53yetoneuldbesaved
froheothersortofpuerilethinkingrepresentedbytheauthoroftheabovenotebooksheuldatleasthavefeltthepalpitationofhisheartbyhiso
evidentlytheanuallabour
freethusfrotupiddrudgeryintheuseofhiseyesandhishands;andhavinga
naivefaithinthepouition;”thechinesescholargoesaboutexplaining
thesteriesofthehunbodyandtheuniversetohisoisfactionthewhole
sedicineandphysiologyisbasedonthetaoisticphilosophyofthe
fiveelentsgold;anbodyisinitselfa
syoloftheuniverseinitspositionthekidneysrepresenttheent;
thestochrepresentstheearthelent;theliverrepresentsthefireelent;the
lungsrepresentthegoldelentandtheheartrepresentstheentnotthat
thisdihighbloodpressureis
nsideredtohavetooa”liverfire;”ansufferingfrondigestion
ybereferredtoashavingtoochearth;andalaxativeisusedtoenuragethe
functionofthekidneysbyentandtheindigestionis
usuallycuredifanissufferingfroervoustrouble;heshoulddrinkalotof
penalittleof
th
………………………………
第32节
e”liverfire”andthushelpintaininhireequableteerthereisno
doubtthatchinesedicinehequarrelisonlyhitsdiagnosis
hereenterthesurvivalsofsavagetraitsinchinesethinkinguncheckedbya
sandoftenbordersonanaiveigination
sokindsofereplayofe
fantasticassociationofthoughtthetoadhecure
ofskintroubles;andapeculiarkindoffrogthatlivesinol;deeppondsonhillsides
issupposedtohavea”oling”effeforthelastthe
loentsofacertain”lungshaped
plant”ndedasthebestcurefor
tuberculosisandthisgoesoninanuninterruptedseriesuntiletothepopular
beliefthataschoolboyshouldnoteatchickensclahedevelopthehabitof
scratchingthepagesofhisbook
thesuperstitiousbeliefinthepoaybetracedinalldepartntsoflife;
forherensense;buthasurvival
ofthesavagestateofnddistinguish;andisnotinterestedin
distinguishingplayfulfancyfroerioustruththebatandthedeerarepopular
tivesforeroideryonyor”luck”
andtheonyor”officialpohechinesebrideand
bridegrooave;aftertheony;adinneradeuxnsistingofapigs
heart;beeheart;”hewordfor
”hay”
itisdiffierelight
playfulfananroubleduoverthefishatdinnerintheboat;sthe
”overtuing”oftiieboatitselfhedoesnotquiteknoheritistrueoot;but
”sopeoplesayandheisnotinterestedinundertakingaresearchtoverifyititisa
stateofndthatbelongstotheborderlandoftruthandfiction;ruthand
fiixed;asinadrearstale
viigination
thisnaiveteusttrytounderstand;foritbringsustothehechinese
iginationandeanagoodheavenandahothell
andreal;livingspirits;andnotthe”kingdohinyou”ofthebostonunitarians;
orthebeliefintheiersonalandarphous”poakes
forrighteousness”oftthewaold
thisaginationisnotnfinedtotheilliteratenfuciushielf
exhibitedacertainnairegardingthespiritsotryto
pleasethegodofthesoutherofthehouse;itotryto
pleasethegodofthekitchenstove”hespokeofthespiritsind
ing:”offersacrificestothespiritsasifthespiritswere
present;”and”respectthespirits;butkeepthetadistance”heolet
thespiritsexistiftheygohisownway
hanyii;thegreatnfucianistofthetangdynasty;ntinuedthisnaiveattitudehe
andedandpelledtogototheneighbourhoodofde
sagistrate;andaninvasion
ofcrodiles;heeahighfloothecrodilesthe
edtoappreciatehisliterarystyleforhehebestersin
the
districtitiletoaskifhesincerelybelievedinitoottoaskthat
questionispletelytosunderstandthesituation;forhisreplyost
probablybe:hoistrue;buthoisuntrueitwasan
agnosticisttedtheiossibilityofsettlingthequestionhour
ntalpoind;andhe
anousessaydissuadingthe
eerorfroendingadelegationtobringbaindiai
aureheposedthatsacrificialappealtothe
orerationalisticinteerant;
likethatofssuhefolloy;riedtodisprovethe
buddhistichellbyaskingedofhelluntilthey
heardofbuddhisbutsuisnottypiind
tothestaginationarethelovely
feleghoststhattheagination;suaaleghosts
andspiritsofene
idservantandthusnicatetheirplaintstotheliving;andthedead
schildrenitisthesestoriesh
theirhuntouchostlovedbythechinesepeopleforthechinese
ghostsarean;andthefeleghostsareoo:
theyloveandbeejealousandtakepartintheordinaryhunlife
itisnotthekindofghoststhatscholarsneedfearheyarealoneatnightintheir
studiesforpisbuinglohescholarhasfallenasleep;hehears
thenoiseofasilkendressandopenshiseyestoseeadereidenofsixteenor
seventeen;ilingathisheis
usuallyapassionatecreature;forihavenodoubtthesestoriesaretheent
ofthesolitarysneyandhelphihroughpoverty;
byallsortsofcunningthroughsicknessore
gentlenessthananaveragedenursees
t
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