nsequenthatredoflogicalextreshasbeenthatthechinese;asarace;areunable
tohaveanyfaithinasysteforasysteachine;isalan;andthe
echanisticviehelawand
goventissogreatthatithasdegoventbylapossibleinchinaa
rigorous;harshlylegalistipersonaladnistrationofthelaw;
hasalongusithasfailedbecauseitlikedbythepeoplethe
nentbylahinkersinthe
thirdcenturybcitinistrator;
obuildthepoheghinstate;buteventuallyshangyanghadto
payforhisefficiencyhhislifeithadry;
chin;auntryentsinkansu;hadenabledthat
untrytodevelopadevilishlyeffiewas
appliedtotheassethebuildingofthegreatwallwasso
effianthatitstchinshihhuanghiseire
ontheotherhand;thechinesehunistspreached;andthechinesepeoplehave
alent;acrdingtohedeficienciesofa
systetheprincipleofeking;canalediedby”expediency;”theprinciple
ofentbylaent
by”gentlen;”orepersonal;reflexibleandrehunan
audaesthatthereareenoughgentlentogoroundruling
theuntryjustasaudaptionofdecracythatonecanfindout
truthbyableofopinionsofnunthinkingn
bothsysteareadttedlyierfeseealohave
bettersuitedthechinesehunistteer;chineseindividualisndthechinese
loveoffreedo
thistrait;thela;characterizesalloursocialorganizations;ourcivil
service;ourlleges;ourclubs;ourrailshippanies梕verything
exariticusto梐ndthefailure
invariablygoesbaent;likenepotisnd
favouritisforonlyaninhunnd;eanunetionalironface”canbrushaside
personalnsiderationsandintainarigidsysteandsuch”ironfaces”arenotin
toogreatpublicfavourinchina;fortheyareallbadnfucianiststhushasbeen
broughtaboutthelaostfatalofchinesecharacteristics
theanfortobereasonable
issynonyus
………………………………
第39节
hkingalloannatureinenglish;tosaytoan;
”dobereasonable;”isthesaaskinganappealtohunnatureassuchwhen
doolittle;thefatherofthefloalionstotouchprofessorhiggins
forafivepoundnote;hisappealis;”isthisreasonablethegirlbelongsto
yougotherein”doolittlefurthertypifiesthechinesehunist
spiritbyaskingforfivepoundsandrefusingprofessorhigginsstenpounds;fortoo
unhappy;andatruehunistoneyonlytobe
happyandbuyalittledrinkinothertleandknew
hoobehappyandedonlytobehappythroughthisnstantappealto
reasonableness;theise;he
perfeeanwhenanenglish
fatherisunabletodeay
endupbysendinghiobighasolondon
andarrivingatbletbridge;nortothe
foroxford;butgoesstraightnorthtobighaheisrelycarryingoutthe
doeanthatroadtobighaascertainritsbygoing
straightnorthhesubridgenoroxfordifone
understandsthisappliean;onecanunderstandtheeofchinesepoliticsinthelastthirtyyears;andprophesytheoute
ofanychinesedeclarationofpolicyblindfoldoneceasestobefrightenedbyits
literaryfireworks
ivtaoisbr 》
buthasnfucianhuniseensufficientforthechinesepeopleithasandithas
notifithadpletelysatisfiednsinstincts;therefor
taoisrbuddhistheddlehasworked
npeople;boththosetonsandthose
buttherearepeopleanhasa
deepeatureinhioesnotquitetouchnfucianisinthe
strictsenseoftheanhasahidden
desiretogoaboutdoesnotquitepert
thenithasbeen
pointedoutthatthenfucianoutlookonlifeispositive;hetaoistiutlookis
negativetaoissthegreatnegation;asnfucianissthegreataffirtion
nfuan
cultureandrestraint;;phasisongoingbacktonature;
disbelievesinhunrestraintandculture
ofthetues;benevolenceandrighteousness;laotse
ntetuouslysaid:”nocharacter;thenbenevolence;nobenevolence;then
righteousness”nfucianissessentiallyanurbanphilosophy;is
essentiallyruraladenfucianistakecitylicensedpasteurizedgradea
lk;ilkfrohelknspailintheuntry
fashionforlaotseicalofthecitylicenceandpasteurization
andthesoflavour;butofthe
cityuncillorsledgersandbankbooksandilk;
candoubtthatlaotseforhofficerscanprotect
yourlkfroyphoidger;theytheratsofcivilization
thereareotherdefiuchrealisndtoo
littlerooorfanaginative
sothingofthatyouthfulagiainsin
thechinesebreastnfucianisrovidesfortheexistenceofspirits;buttakescare
tokeepthetadistanountainsandtherivers;
andevensyolianancestors;butithasnoheavenandhell;no
hierarogony;anditsrationalishoagic
andthepillofiortalityeventherealisticchinese;apartfroheirrationalistic
sortalitynfustandsforthechildishworldofwonderand
steryforfailstoprovide
taoistherefore;acuntsforasideofthechinesecharacter
anticisndanaturalclassicisnanation;as
inanindividualtaoisstheronti
istheisronticthroughoutfirstly;itstandsforthe
retutonatureandtheronticescapefrohesagainstthe
artificialityandresponsibilitiesofnfucianculturesendly;itstandsfortherural
idealoflife;artandliterature;andtheitivesilicityandthirdly;it
standsfortheogony
theanticside
totheircharacterselfintheirintense
individuality;intheirloveoffreedondtheirhappygoluckyviehso
oftenpletelystifiestheforeignobserversforself;ithinkthechinese
peopleareieasurablygreaterforitineverychinesethereisahiddenvagabond;
wouldbe
unbearableotionalrelieffortaoisstheplayingodofthe
istheiroodthatacuntsforthefact
thateverychineseisanfiicianistwhenheisa
failurethenaturalisftaoissthebalhatsoothesthehinesesoul
itisinterestingtonotehoisrethecreationofthechinesepeopleeven
thannfucianisndtoseehoeallied;
throughtheind;hthechineseinterpretationoftheworldof
spiritslaotsehielfhadnothingtodohthepillof
………………………………
第40节
iortalityorhtaoistic
gichisentandnaturalishics
forhebelievedina”goventent
nneededitivefreedolaotseregarded
ansdegeneration;andnsideredthesagesofthe
nfuciantypeastherruptersofthepeople;asnietzscheregardedsocrates
asthefirstrrupterofeuropeordant;hesaid;”sagesnodead;
robbersaoend1hisgreatfollosefollohbrilliantsatires
againstnfucianhypocrisyandfutility
it;phasisonandanxiety
overthedistinouingperiodsandthethicknessofffinpanels;andh
theintensedesireofitsfollooseekofficialpositionsandsavethe
itselfeasilytocaricaturethehatredofthetaoistagainstthenfucianisthe
naturalhatredoftheronticistagainsttheclassicistperhapsithatred;it
erelyanirresistible;ckinglaughter
frohisthoroughgoingscepticistanticescapefroheutonaturelaotselefthispost;acrdingtolegend;inhisoldageand
disappearedoutsidethehankukuanpasschuangtsebythe
kingofchu;butrepliedbyaskingheritobekeptandfedlikeapig
andthenbeslaughteredandoffereduponthesaonton
taoisasalenttotheuntains;
theans
life;andthebanishntofallthishe
stcharacteristiccharfchineseculture;theruralidealoflife;artandliterature
thequestionybeasked:houchseresponsibleforthisrecluseideal
thetaotehking;as;isalesserliteraryacplishntthanthebooksof
chuangtse;thechinesenietzsche;butitisarencentratedessenceof
oldroguishitis;tond;thestbrilliantlykedphilosophyof
selfprotectionineraturebesidesteachinglaissezfaireandpassiveresistance;
ittaughtalsotheofstupidity;thestrengthofheadvantageoflying
loportanouflageoneofitsxihefirstof
theplereasonthatthusoneuldneverbeexposedtoattack;and
nsequentlyneverfallitheonlyknoheoryofignorance
andstupidityasthebestcauflageinlifesbattle;inspiteofthefactthatthetheory
itselfanintelligence
1englishreadersygraarasitisfotindiossibleto
nveytheforcefultersenessoftheoriginalexceptbyreursetopidginajiy
graatient
hunintelligenceinlaotsehadseenitsoopreach”be
stupid”asitsgreatestssageithadseenthefutilityofhuneffort;andtherefore
advisedthedoethodof
prolonginglifefrohispointonthepositiveoutlookonlifebecanegative;and
itsinfluencehaslouredtheaybeseeninthenovel
teksaopaqyenandinalllivesofgreatchinese;thenversionofabanditora
reanofthehresponsibilitiestoas
alent;anticescapefrohe
edbythetaoistirbuddhisticpointofviehinese;
theseteattitudesarecalled”enteringtheheworld”
sotisthesetacyinthesanandat
differentperiodsinhislife;asybeseeninthelifeofyuanchunglangaliving
exaleisthatofprofessorliangsung;livinginthe
untains;but;rriedandisnoing
aruralddleschoolinshantung
theruralidealoflife;artandliterature;portantfeatureofthe
chinesecivilization;oeasuretothistaoisticfeelingfoaturein
ilylifeenandchildrenintheirleisure;the
otherbeingthehappinessoftherurallife;an;ora
ter;orareclusesittingonthegroundunderagroupofpireesthesetwo
thesyrepresentrespectivelythenfucianistandthetaoisticidealoflifethe
orecloselyassociated
thantheaverageforeignerthetaoisticfeelingiswellexpressedby
thisfavouritepoe
iaskedtheboybeneaththepines
hesaid;”thestersgonealone
herbpickingsoount
cloudhidden;sunknown”
thisfeelingfoaturepracticallyoverflosan
iortantpartofthechinesespiritualheritageyethere;nfucianislaysan
equallyiortantparttheitivesilicityof
thenfuciantraditiontheagriculturalbasisofchinesenationallifelybuilt
onthefalysysteifieditselfhoheuntry;
andpartlyonthenfualwaysharked
baperorsyaoandshun;asthegoldenagewhenlife
plestandtheneedsofnitwasspokenofasaperiod
ofsticksbeatenonthe
ground;sohappyandinnocentthattheburdenoftheirsongwas:
osunrise
andebacktorestatsunset
hing
perorsvirtuetodohus
theeidenticalplicity;for
inchinesethetionsarecloselyrelated;asintheand
sile”thenfuilyhasalenpartlystudy
andpartlytill
………………………………
第41节
theground;enspinandthetaoistic
poeuoted;andessentiallysupportingitinthepraiseofthesilelife;wehave;for
instantheendofthesixteenthcentury;
handedtohischildrenashisfalyheritage:
lifeisplete
hchildrenatyourfeet;
justahandfulofhayhidesyourt
iflandissterile
tokeitfertile;ayoungcalf
teachthysonstoread;too;insparehours;
notforfanorfodarinllars
breboos;erflowers;
thusahouseforgenerationsofscholars
thechineseidealofhappinesshen;notthe”exerciseofonespohe
linesoftheirexple
rurallife;togetheronyofsocialrelationships
therealfor;especiallyangthepeople;hoslargelyin
supplyingaits
provintalkedabout
thesupeaturalandthespiritsnfucianisfferednohellandnoheaven;norany
forlaforiortalityofthesoulitsolvedtheprobleofhunnature;butleft
outofnsiderationtheriddleoftheuniverseitalosstoknohe
anbodyinthisleftalargeloopholeinitsphilosophy;and
alloindtodisentangle;ysticisthe
steriesofnature
theindinhuainantse178122bc;who
xedphilosophyhasandlegeridsstartingouththe
dualistialeandyangleprinciples;alreadycurrentinthe
periodofthes;taoisoonaddedtoitsterritorythefairiesofthe
ancientshantungbarbarians;edofafairylandoutonthehighseas;to
perorofchinactuallystartedouthfivehundredboysand
virginstoseekhisiortalitytheholdontheiginationthenbecairresistible;
andfrohattitillthepresenttaoisasalaintainedafirootholdon
t
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