《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第17部分


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    andleaveallthenasticputras

    illleavethedru;

    illleavethebells;

    andthechants;

    andtheyells;

    andalltheinteable;exasperating;religiouschatter

    illgodoeayoungandhandsolover

    lethild;beat

    kie

    ieabuddha

    iuleta;panjra;para

    thisbringsustothetopiftheactualserviceofthebuddhisticreligionasan

    etionaloutletfortheakestheseclusionofennotso

    pleteandreendurablethedesireofentogotothetele;asagainstthe

    lesserdesireofntodothesa;isasotionalneedforgoing

    outdoorsastotheusualgreater”religiosity”ofenthefirstandfifteenthdaysof

    anthandthefestiveoccasionsaredaysactuallyanticipatedforweeksaheadby

    enintheirsecludedchaers

    sendly;itsspringpilgrigesprovidelegititeoutletfortheverychatrophied

    chineseageseinearlyspring;andincideheaster

    thoseaygotoherelativesgraveson

    ckingngday;eetionalbasisthoseonsandals

    orgoinsedanoustelessopeopleinaystillpersistin

    sailingaboutfivehundredlesonoldsailingjunkstothepootooislandsoffthe

    astofningpoeveryspringinthenorth;theannualpilgrigetoaofengshanis

    stillaprevailings;oldandyoung;nanden;

    ybeseenonthetrailcarryingsticksandyelloravellingnightsanddaysto

    thesathespiritofjollityprevailsasitdidinchaucers

    tis;andtalesaretoldonthehosechaucerrerded

    parttwolife

    prologuetoparttwo

    oralnstitutionofthechinesepeople;and

    theidealsoflifeentalpatteofchineselifeitreinsto

    keastudyofchineselifeitselfinitssexual;social;political;literaryandartistic

    aspeents;

    literatureandart;togetherhaspecialchapterdevotedtotheartoflivingasthe

    chinesehavenceivedandpractiseditthesearrangetheelvesagainintotwo

    groupsthefirstthreearenecessarilynnected;foranunderstandingofthelifeof

    enandthehooansiderationofthechinesesociallife;andonly

    frotrueunderstandingofthechinesesociallifebepossibletounderstand

    theadnistrationofjustientinchinathestudyofthesevisible

    aspectsofchineselifeurallyleadtoaninquiryintothesubtlerandlessknown

    probleofchineseculture;especiallyinthefieldofart;hanoutlookanda

    historyofdevelopntpethe

    thechinesecultureisoneofthetrulyindigenousculturesoftheworld;andas

    suchanyinterestingpointsofparisonheculture

    foseleisureof

    threethousandyearstodevelopitinthesethreethousandyearstheyhavehadplenty

    oftitodrinkteaandlookatlifequietlyovertheirteacups;andfrohegossip

    overtheteacupstheyhaveboiledlifedooitsessencetheyhavehadplentyof

    ti;too;todisentsandtoreview

    thesuodesofartandoflife;andtoseetheirohelight

    ofthelongpastandfrohisgossipingandponderinghistorycatohaveagreat

    aning:itirror”anexperiencefor

    thebenefitofthepresentand;uninterrupted;

    ntinuoustheethestseriousforfliteratureand

    theeitshighestandstrefinedetionaloutlet

    sotis;idstthesinging

    ofthekettleandthegurglingofthespring;ahappythoughtcatothechinese;and

    atintervalsofaboutfivehundredyears;orundertheforstances;

    theidsbecacreativeandaneadeeitherinthetreof

    poetryorintheiroventofporcelain;orintheartofgraftingpeartrees;andthe

    nationvedontheygaveupspertalityassothingforever

    unknoforevertobenjecturedandgossipedabout;halfseriouslyandhalf

    playfullyequallytheygaveupthesteriesofnature;thunderstorandlightning

    andhailandsnoysteriesoftheiroions;suchasthe

    nnectionbetusethetesttubeorthe

    setisitseedtothesiftheheknowablehad

    beenexhaustedbytheirancientforefathers;andthelastanphilosophy

    said;andthelastrhythncalligraphydisvered

    chapterfive

    anslife

    ithesubjectionofen

    sothingintheprival

    tisthefundantaldualistiutlook;ale

    andtheyinfeleprinciples;backtothebookofchanges;er

    forlatedbynfuciustherespectforen;acertaintendeesstohe

    felesex;eofthe

    folksongs;lles;therey;for”whena

    babyboyhebedandgivenjadetoplayh;andwhena

    babygirlhefloorandgivenatiletoplayh5thissong

    sthavebeencenturiesolderthannfuciusbutansubjecteduntil

    sheenfollohe

    inentofnfucianism
………………………………

第45节

    theoriginalsocialsystetriarchalsysteandthisisiortant;for

    sothingofthisspiritstillsurvivesinchineseanhoodtothepresentdaythe

    ale

    panion;andatriarchseveninthenfucianhouseholds

    traatriarchyillclearlyvisibleinthechoudynasty;he

    falyna;orhsing;ansna;andnhadonlyapersonalna;or

    shift;afterhisplaceofbirthorhisofficialpositionthroughoutthefolksongsofthe

    bookofpoeensothingof

    thefreedontheates;likeongthesouthe

    aboriginesofkusthaveprevailedintheancienttisit

    thebookofpoerunsthus:

    ifthouthinkestof;

    iypettiat

    andcrosstherivertsen1

    ifthouthinkestnotof;

    en

    桹h;thousillyboy

    ifthouthinkestof;

    iypettiat

    andcrosstheriverwo

    ifthouthinkestnotof;

    herenototherbeaux

    桹h;thousillyboy

    thebookofpoealsohasnyexalesofsongsofenh

    theirloverstherriagesysteadnotyetbeetheseverebondageofen

    thatiteninthetisofnfucius;

    espeethinganalogoustothosein

    thedaysofdecadentro;erouscasesofincestothers;h

    daughtersinlahsistersinlahepresentationofonesoaneighbouring

    ruler;therryingofasons;illicitrelationsbethe

    queenandtheprinister;etc;an;who

    isalheking

    suonthehandsostnintheuntrytoherboudoirdivorceilleasyand

    divorininechastityhadnotyetbeean

    obsessionen

    thenenand

    enesthatrriedsisters

    uldnoteatatthesatablehtheirbrothers》acrdingtothebookofritesto

    onial”rites”inthebooksiceitis

    iossibletoasthevieof

    thephasison

    distinctionbetyandinferiorityitstoodforobedience;forregnition

    ofauthorityinafalyasinastate;andforthedivisionoflabourbetans

    dutiesoutsideandensdutiesinthehoitenuragedtheanlyan;

    andnaturallytaughtsuanners;

    personalneatness;industry;abilityinokingandspinning;respectforthehusbands

    parents;kindnesstothehusbandsbrothers;urtesytothehusbandsfriends;andall

    thosevirtuesdesirablefrohelepointofviehingallywrongin

    theseralinstructions;andicdependenceandtheirloveof

    nventions;enacceptedtheperhapstheendesiredtobegood;or

    perhapstheydesiredtopleasethen

    1thespellingsoftheseriveashavebeenslightlyalteredtosuittherhy

    nfucianisaony;

    andperhapsnfucianislsogavethe

    ebelohehusband;butstillan

    equalhelpte;likethetbolofyinandyang》necessarily

    plentingeaotheranhonouredpositionintheho

    inthebestspiritofnfucianisthisdifferentiationerpreted;notasa

    subjeonyofrelationshipsenheirhusbands

    kneentosteffective

    eninist

    proble

    thisenandenspositioninsoeundertheinfluenenscholarsithadnotyetdeveloped

    thatcuriouslyandperverselyselfishaspectcharacteristifthelaterattitudes;butthe

    basiotionsofansinferiorityhereoneflagrantinstanceherule

    thatouingperiodforthehewifes

    uingperiodforthehusbandaluing

    periodforonesparentshreeyears;thatoftheherwasonly

    oneyear;ifthehusbandsfatherininevirtues;like

    obedienceandloyalty;hehandynasty;into

    sothinglikeafenineethien;andpanchao;

    theanauthorofensguide;hegreatexponentofthe”threeobediences

    andfourvirtues”ofenthethreeobediencesanisinher

    idenhosheobeysherfather;arriedsheobeysherhusband;andwhen

    herhusbanddiessheobeysherson”thelast;owing

    tothesuperiorpositionofthetherinthenfucianscheinthisdynasty

    enheirchastityhstonepailou

    ortheurtbutenuldstillrryasendti

    intraentofthetheoryofchastewouldbedangerous

    tolendtoochictheory;forthechinesearealic

    peopleandhaveausthavelagged

    behindtheory;andevenaslateasthenchutischasteed

    ofthenenevenintlie

    tangdynastythedaughterofthegreatsarriedasendtiofthe

    tangprinrriedathird

    tibutthetraditionstartedinthehandynastycenturiesbeforehereatwork;

    reinforcingthe
………………………………

第46节

    earlytraditionthatnuldrerrybutenuldnot

    afterthisade

    thererryingoforalcriity;heysohighly

    prizedinen;becasothingofapsychologicalobsessionandenwere

    henorals;fronpt

    rethanthat;enoberesponsibleforurageandstrengthofcharacter

    also;ensoadredinthegentlesex;fortheehasishad

    shiftedfronsordinaryroutinedostialeheroisnd

    selfsacrificealreadyintheninthcenturyahe

    nfubecauseahotelkeeperhaddraggedherbyit;

    eacpanyingherhusbandsffin

    inthengoldynastyanotherlyhonouredforrefusingtoshowher

    ulceredbreasttothedoctorandheroicallydyingofit1

    inthengdynastythisdoctrineofchasteeanofficialinstitution

    enanyageunderthirtytotheageoffiftywere

    offiofficiallabour

    servioraltoadrepurityofalerelativestodosochastee

    notonlypopularenandtheeoneofthe

    easiestentodistinguishtheelvestheylenthonour;notonlytotheir

    oiliesbuttotheirea

    popularobsession;independentndsitwas

    thisdoctrineofchastetobedenouncedduring

    the”renaissananeatingreligion

    alongentofnfuofreallifewasgoingon;

    basedonsooreonenoportant

    thantheinfluenenntrolledthepursefor

    haderectedchasteoareligion;jewelsandpearl

    necklaces;;tuedeninto

    ncubinesandttestheacculationofhandtheriseofgreathouses

    duringtheies;upledhthegeneralpoliticaldisorder;

    enuragedncubinageontheonehandandforcedthedrohe

    other;oothefactthatpoorparentsuldnotprovidefortheexpensivewedding

    esnyrulersandrichfalieshad

    dancinggirlsintheirprivatehouseholdsbythetensandhundreds;andthelifeof

    lialeentertainntethingthatisfieda

    rouesdreaen;inshort;hadbeetheplaythingsofnshihtsung;who

    haddozensofntreadonabedspreadhrareincense

    pohoseenoughtoleavenofootprintonitwouldbe

    rehstringsofpearlnecklaces;hoseonthe

    diet”andinstru;were

    theodenewyork

    thesituationhereforeripefortheinstitutionoffootbinding;helast

    sophistialefancy

    1stofthesestoriescanbefoundintheofficialhistoriesofthedifferentdynasties;

    en;alongen

    aanttingsuicidetoguardherchastityhada

    faireinliteratureinoneforranother

    paradoxically;itenhroughoutfor

    theirjealousy;andhenpeckedofficialsoftenappearedaturthbruisedfaces;

    resultinginpunishntoftheirjealousainliupoyii

    usedtorearkedhasighin

    hisabeautyforahe

    goddessofriverloandinsultthat

    nightshedroheriversevendaysafterhewifeappearedbefore

    poyuinadreandsaid;”youarryagoddess;noagoddess”for

    therestofhislifeliupoyiineverdaredhe

    riveratthisferry;pletheirbeautifuldressesanddisfiguretheelves;other

    eupbutiftheenen

    thoughttheystbeuglytheelves

    itiseasytoseehoensjealousygreofncubinageitwas

    theironlyhesheerforceofthisinstinct;

    preventherhusbandfroavingncubines;deinstancesofillbe

    foundifnhadsenseenoughtoseethatrriageisansbestandonly

    professionheoexcuseinhersuchprofessionalethics;herh

    ncubinesootourscholar;ytichenghsieh;disveredasearlyas1833that

    ”jealousyisnoviceinen”enheirhusbandsfavourhaveabout

    thesafeelingasaprofessionalclerkployer;

    andunrriedgirlshaveaboutthesafeelingasanoutofeloyntns

    professionaljealousyinrercil
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