andleaveallthenasticputras
illleavethedru;
illleavethebells;
andthechants;
andtheyells;
andalltheinteable;exasperating;religiouschatter
illgodoeayoungandhandsolover
lethild;beat
kie
ieabuddha
iuleta;panjra;para
thisbringsustothetopiftheactualserviceofthebuddhisticreligionasan
etionaloutletfortheakestheseclusionofennotso
pleteandreendurablethedesireofentogotothetele;asagainstthe
lesserdesireofntodothesa;isasotionalneedforgoing
outdoorsastotheusualgreater”religiosity”ofenthefirstandfifteenthdaysof
anthandthefestiveoccasionsaredaysactuallyanticipatedforweeksaheadby
enintheirsecludedchaers
sendly;itsspringpilgrigesprovidelegititeoutletfortheverychatrophied
chineseageseinearlyspring;andincideheaster
thoseaygotoherelativesgraveson
ckingngday;eetionalbasisthoseonsandals
orgoinsedanoustelessopeopleinaystillpersistin
sailingaboutfivehundredlesonoldsailingjunkstothepootooislandsoffthe
astofningpoeveryspringinthenorth;theannualpilgrigetoaofengshanis
stillaprevailings;oldandyoung;nanden;
ybeseenonthetrailcarryingsticksandyelloravellingnightsanddaysto
thesathespiritofjollityprevailsasitdidinchaucers
tis;andtalesaretoldonthehosechaucerrerded
parttwolife
prologuetoparttwo
oralnstitutionofthechinesepeople;and
theidealsoflifeentalpatteofchineselifeitreinsto
keastudyofchineselifeitselfinitssexual;social;political;literaryandartistic
aspeents;
literatureandart;togetherhaspecialchapterdevotedtotheartoflivingasthe
chinesehavenceivedandpractiseditthesearrangetheelvesagainintotwo
groupsthefirstthreearenecessarilynnected;foranunderstandingofthelifeof
enandthehooansiderationofthechinesesociallife;andonly
frotrueunderstandingofthechinesesociallifebepossibletounderstand
theadnistrationofjustientinchinathestudyofthesevisible
aspectsofchineselifeurallyleadtoaninquiryintothesubtlerandlessknown
probleofchineseculture;especiallyinthefieldofart;hanoutlookanda
historyofdevelopntpethe
thechinesecultureisoneofthetrulyindigenousculturesoftheworld;andas
suchanyinterestingpointsofparisonheculture
foseleisureof
threethousandyearstodevelopitinthesethreethousandyearstheyhavehadplenty
oftitodrinkteaandlookatlifequietlyovertheirteacups;andfrohegossip
overtheteacupstheyhaveboiledlifedooitsessencetheyhavehadplentyof
ti;too;todisentsandtoreview
thesuodesofartandoflife;andtoseetheirohelight
ofthelongpastandfrohisgossipingandponderinghistorycatohaveagreat
aning:itirror”anexperiencefor
thebenefitofthepresentand;uninterrupted;
ntinuoustheethestseriousforfliteratureand
theeitshighestandstrefinedetionaloutlet
sotis;idstthesinging
ofthekettleandthegurglingofthespring;ahappythoughtcatothechinese;and
atintervalsofaboutfivehundredyears;orundertheforstances;
theidsbecacreativeandaneadeeitherinthetreof
poetryorintheiroventofporcelain;orintheartofgraftingpeartrees;andthe
nationvedontheygaveupspertalityassothingforever
unknoforevertobenjecturedandgossipedabout;halfseriouslyandhalf
playfullyequallytheygaveupthesteriesofnature;thunderstorandlightning
andhailandsnoysteriesoftheiroions;suchasthe
nnectionbetusethetesttubeorthe
setisitseedtothesiftheheknowablehad
beenexhaustedbytheirancientforefathers;andthelastanphilosophy
said;andthelastrhythncalligraphydisvered
chapterfive
anslife
ithesubjectionofen
sothingintheprival
tisthefundantaldualistiutlook;ale
andtheyinfeleprinciples;backtothebookofchanges;er
forlatedbynfuciustherespectforen;acertaintendeesstohe
felesex;eofthe
folksongs;lles;therey;for”whena
babyboyhebedandgivenjadetoplayh;andwhena
babygirlhefloorandgivenatiletoplayh5thissong
sthavebeencenturiesolderthannfuciusbutansubjecteduntil
sheenfollohe
inentofnfucianism
………………………………
第45节
theoriginalsocialsystetriarchalsysteandthisisiortant;for
sothingofthisspiritstillsurvivesinchineseanhoodtothepresentdaythe
ale
panion;andatriarchseveninthenfucianhouseholds
traatriarchyillclearlyvisibleinthechoudynasty;he
falyna;orhsing;ansna;andnhadonlyapersonalna;or
shift;afterhisplaceofbirthorhisofficialpositionthroughoutthefolksongsofthe
bookofpoeensothingof
thefreedontheates;likeongthesouthe
aboriginesofkusthaveprevailedintheancienttisit
thebookofpoerunsthus:
ifthouthinkestof;
iypettiat
andcrosstherivertsen1
ifthouthinkestnotof;
en
桹h;thousillyboy
ifthouthinkestof;
iypettiat
andcrosstheriverwo
ifthouthinkestnotof;
herenototherbeaux
桹h;thousillyboy
thebookofpoealsohasnyexalesofsongsofenh
theirloverstherriagesysteadnotyetbeetheseverebondageofen
thatiteninthetisofnfucius;
espeethinganalogoustothosein
thedaysofdecadentro;erouscasesofincestothers;h
daughtersinlahsistersinlahepresentationofonesoaneighbouring
ruler;therryingofasons;illicitrelationsbethe
queenandtheprinister;etc;an;who
isalheking
suonthehandsostnintheuntrytoherboudoirdivorceilleasyand
divorininechastityhadnotyetbeean
obsessionen
thenenand
enesthatrriedsisters
uldnoteatatthesatablehtheirbrothers》acrdingtothebookofritesto
onial”rites”inthebooksiceitis
iossibletoasthevieof
thephasison
distinctionbetyandinferiorityitstoodforobedience;forregnition
ofauthorityinafalyasinastate;andforthedivisionoflabourbetans
dutiesoutsideandensdutiesinthehoitenuragedtheanlyan;
andnaturallytaughtsuanners;
personalneatness;industry;abilityinokingandspinning;respectforthehusbands
parents;kindnesstothehusbandsbrothers;urtesytothehusbandsfriends;andall
thosevirtuesdesirablefrohelepointofviehingallywrongin
theseralinstructions;andicdependenceandtheirloveof
nventions;enacceptedtheperhapstheendesiredtobegood;or
perhapstheydesiredtopleasethen
1thespellingsoftheseriveashavebeenslightlyalteredtosuittherhy
nfucianisaony;
andperhapsnfucianislsogavethe
ebelohehusband;butstillan
equalhelpte;likethetbolofyinandyang》necessarily
plentingeaotheranhonouredpositionintheho
inthebestspiritofnfucianisthisdifferentiationerpreted;notasa
subjeonyofrelationshipsenheirhusbands
kneentosteffective
eninist
proble
thisenandenspositioninsoeundertheinfluenenscholarsithadnotyetdeveloped
thatcuriouslyandperverselyselfishaspectcharacteristifthelaterattitudes;butthe
basiotionsofansinferiorityhereoneflagrantinstanceherule
thatouingperiodforthehewifes
uingperiodforthehusbandaluing
periodforonesparentshreeyears;thatoftheherwasonly
oneyear;ifthehusbandsfatherininevirtues;like
obedienceandloyalty;hehandynasty;into
sothinglikeafenineethien;andpanchao;
theanauthorofensguide;hegreatexponentofthe”threeobediences
andfourvirtues”ofenthethreeobediencesanisinher
idenhosheobeysherfather;arriedsheobeysherhusband;andwhen
herhusbanddiessheobeysherson”thelast;owing
tothesuperiorpositionofthetherinthenfucianscheinthisdynasty
enheirchastityhstonepailou
ortheurtbutenuldstillrryasendti
intraentofthetheoryofchastewouldbedangerous
tolendtoochictheory;forthechinesearealic
peopleandhaveausthavelagged
behindtheory;andevenaslateasthenchutischasteed
ofthenenevenintlie
tangdynastythedaughterofthegreatsarriedasendtiofthe
tangprinrriedathird
tibutthetraditionstartedinthehandynastycenturiesbeforehereatwork;
reinforcingthe
………………………………
第46节
earlytraditionthatnuldrerrybutenuldnot
afterthisade
thererryingoforalcriity;heysohighly
prizedinen;becasothingofapsychologicalobsessionandenwere
henorals;fronpt
rethanthat;enoberesponsibleforurageandstrengthofcharacter
also;ensoadredinthegentlesex;fortheehasishad
shiftedfronsordinaryroutinedostialeheroisnd
selfsacrificealreadyintheninthcenturyahe
nfubecauseahotelkeeperhaddraggedherbyit;
eacpanyingherhusbandsffin
inthengoldynastyanotherlyhonouredforrefusingtoshowher
ulceredbreasttothedoctorandheroicallydyingofit1
inthengdynastythisdoctrineofchasteeanofficialinstitution
enanyageunderthirtytotheageoffiftywere
offiofficiallabour
servioraltoadrepurityofalerelativestodosochastee
notonlypopularenandtheeoneofthe
easiestentodistinguishtheelvestheylenthonour;notonlytotheir
oiliesbuttotheirea
popularobsession;independentndsitwas
thisdoctrineofchastetobedenouncedduring
the”renaissananeatingreligion
alongentofnfuofreallifewasgoingon;
basedonsooreonenoportant
thantheinfluenenntrolledthepursefor
haderectedchasteoareligion;jewelsandpearl
necklaces;;tuedeninto
ncubinesandttestheacculationofhandtheriseofgreathouses
duringtheies;upledhthegeneralpoliticaldisorder;
enuragedncubinageontheonehandandforcedthedrohe
other;oothefactthatpoorparentsuldnotprovidefortheexpensivewedding
esnyrulersandrichfalieshad
dancinggirlsintheirprivatehouseholdsbythetensandhundreds;andthelifeof
lialeentertainntethingthatisfieda
rouesdreaen;inshort;hadbeetheplaythingsofnshihtsung;who
haddozensofntreadonabedspreadhrareincense
pohoseenoughtoleavenofootprintonitwouldbe
rehstringsofpearlnecklaces;hoseonthe
diet”andinstru;were
theodenewyork
thesituationhereforeripefortheinstitutionoffootbinding;helast
sophistialefancy
1stofthesestoriescanbefoundintheofficialhistoriesofthedifferentdynasties;
en;alongen
aanttingsuicidetoguardherchastityhada
faireinliteratureinoneforranother
paradoxically;itenhroughoutfor
theirjealousy;andhenpeckedofficialsoftenappearedaturthbruisedfaces;
resultinginpunishntoftheirjealousainliupoyii
usedtorearkedhasighin
hisabeautyforahe
goddessofriverloandinsultthat
nightshedroheriversevendaysafterhewifeappearedbefore
poyuinadreandsaid;”youarryagoddess;noagoddess”for
therestofhislifeliupoyiineverdaredhe
riveratthisferry;pletheirbeautifuldressesanddisfiguretheelves;other
eupbutiftheenen
thoughttheystbeuglytheelves
itiseasytoseehoensjealousygreofncubinageitwas
theironlyhesheerforceofthisinstinct;
preventherhusbandfroavingncubines;deinstancesofillbe
foundifnhadsenseenoughtoseethatrriageisansbestandonly
professionheoexcuseinhersuchprofessionalethics;herh
ncubinesootourscholar;ytichenghsieh;disveredasearlyas1833that
”jealousyisnoviceinen”enheirhusbandsfavourhaveabout
thesafeelingasaprofessionalclerkployer;
andunrriedgirlshaveaboutthesafeelingasanoutofeloyntns
professionaljealousyinrercil
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