《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第22部分


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    andthereforehavenothingbettertodo;entruethenflictis

    betilyndandthesocialndifonescratchesdeepenough;one

    alilyndatwork

    forthefalysystestherootofhallchinesesocial

    characteristicsderivethefalysystendthevillagesysteily

    raisedtoahigherexponent;acuntforallthereistoexplaininthechinesesocial

    lifeface;favour;privilege;g
………………………………

第58节

    ratitude;urtesy;officialrruption;publicinstitutions;

    theschool;theguild;philanthropy;hospitality;justice;andfinallythewhole

    goventofilyandvillagesysteallborro

    ittheirpeculiartenorandplexion;andallfindinitenlighteningexplanationsfor

    theirpethefalysysteherearisesthefalynd;andfrohefalyndtherearisecertainlawillbe

    interestingtostudytheseandseehoanbehavesasasocialbeingintheabsenceof

    asocialnd

    iithefalysystebr 》

    thereerlynosu;we

    kneilyonlyas”thebasisofthestate;”orratherasthebasisofhunsociety

    thesysteoursalloursoent

    ispersonalitteachesourchildrenthefirstlessonsinsocialobligationsbetan

    andn;theneutualadjustnt;selfntrol;urtesy;asenseofduty;

    ionandgratitudetos;and

    respeanasenseof

    sortality;

    andthroughtheanrtalityveryvividit

    breedsasenseoffalyhonour;forissoeasytofindparallelsinthe

    ittouchesuseveninverypersonalarriage

    frourhandsandgivesittothoseofourparents;itkesusrry;not

    cdaughtersinlaakesourh;nottochildrenbutto

    ”grandakesit

    rudeforayoungupletointhefalyhouseinthe

    dayti;andkesprivacyanunknos

    ustonoisyhe

    radio;itbenusouervesanddevelopsourgoodteertheanislikea

    idenolookafter;andanagestolook

    neatandtidy;anislikethedaughterinlailywho

    hasathousandandonehouseholdobligationstoattendtoitthereforebreedsinus

    sobeessatanearlyageitkeepsouryoungintheirplacesitoverprotectsour

    children;anditisstrangehoheparentsare

    topselfanofenterpriseand

    initiative;andinsiderthisthestdisastrouseffeilysysten

    chinesecharacteraparentsfuneralinterfereshascholarschancesattheofficial

    exanationsforthreeyears;andisgoodgroundfortheresignationofacabi

    nister

    falyethicsinterferesevenhourtravelandsport;forthetheorywasdeveloped

    inthehsiaoking;orclassiffilialpiejtyo

    rize;that”thebody;thehairandtheskinarereay

    notbeinjured”tsengtse;thegreatdiscipleofnfucius;saidonhisdeathbed;

    ”exanehands;exanefeet;”intacttoretutohis

    forefathersthisalreadybordersonareligiousfeelingitlitsourtravels;for

    nfuoftravel;ie;travel

    houtdestinationandhouthopingtoarriveanyhereforetheoretically

    iossiblethefilialson”doesnotclihigh;anddoesnottreadondangerous

    places”thereisthereforenotasinglefilialsoninthealpineclub

    inshort;thefalysystesthenegationofindividualistself;anditholdsan

    baetisthe

    joesheisnotso

    goodsotisitisnotajoerelyarefuse

    cartbutthen;chinesesocietyhasnouseforfinearabianthoroughbreds;thebest

    proofofurdertheassassinatethe

    houndthentotheuntains;orsendthentotheasylueady;

    ploddingdraughthorsesand

    thedohasbeenpopularlycalled;isthe

    soilysysteitisthedoctrihatkesforsocial

    orderine

    tithepriningfen;anandana

    definiteplaityanistidealof”everythinginits

    plaaninhisplace”ngans”na;”

    andans”duty”nfucianissactuallyknoingchiao;or”religionof

    nas”anaisatitlethatgivesanhisdefinitestatusinanysocietyanddefines

    hisrelationshipse;c》radefinitionofthesocial

    relationship;anknot;ordutiesinthatrelationship;andhence

    anknowshis

    placeandactsinacrdancehhisposition;socialorderhe

    ”fivecardinalhunrelationships;”fourareoccupiedilytheyarethe

    relationshipsbet;betherandson;betweenhusbandand

    hosebethersandbetrelationshipbetween

    friendsybeidentifiedily;becausefriendsarethoseanbe

    includedinthefalycirclefalyfriends”thefalythenbeesthe

    startingpointforallralnduct

    itisonlyfairtontionthatnfuciusneverintendedfalynsciousnesstotake

    theplaofgnified

    selfishness梒onsequences;hehadnotforeseen

    theevilsofthefalysystesofhanfeitseendof

    thethirdcenturybc;inopinionthegreatestofchinaspolit
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第59节

    icalthinkersofthat

    periodpiesntainedinhanfeitsesworks

    fitinperfectlyforpresentdaychina;suchasthebreakingdohecivilservice

    systehroughnepotisndfavouritisrobbingthenationtoenrichthefaly;the

    ereentforoffending

    officials;thensequentabsenceof”publiccitizenship”inhanfeitsesownwords

    andgenerallackofsocialnsciousnesstheseentbylalock;

    likesocrates

    but;intheoryatleast;nfueanfalynsciousnesstodegenerate

    intoaforfgnifiedselfishnessatthestofsocialintegrityhedid;inhisral

    systealsoalloountofultradostickindnessheantthe

    raltraininginthefalyasthebasisforgeneralraltraining;andheplanned

    thatfrohegeneralraltrainingasoergehwouldlive

    happilyandhaiouslytogetheronlyinthissensecanoneunderstandthe

    trendousehasisplacedon”filialpiety;he”firstofall

    virtues”thechinesethe

    yhsiao;beingtenhthesignfor”filialpiety”plusa

    causativeradicalaning”kingfilial”soexplainsthehsiaokingclassif

    filialpiety}:

    nfuciussaid:”thereasonanteachesfilialpietyisnotbecauseitis

    tobeseeninthehoandeverydaylifehfeteaan

    yrespectallthosehersintheeachesbrotherlinessinthe

    youngerbrother;inorderthatnyrespectallthosehersinthe

    anyrespectallwhoare

    rulersintheworld”

    again;nfuciussaid:

    ”thoseheirparentsdarenotshoredtoothersthosetheir

    parents;darenotshooothers”

    inthissenseheuldsaytotsengtse;hisdisciple:

    ”filialpietyisthebasisofvirtue;andtheoriginofculturesitdoe

    tellyouthebodyandhairandskinarereaynotbe

    injured:thisisthebeginningoffilialpietytodotherightthingandrding

    totherightrals;thusleavingagoodnainposterity;inordertoglorifyones

    aninationoffilialpietyfilialpietybeginshservingones

    parents;leadstoservingonesking;andendsinestablishingonescharacter;”

    theoralphilosophyitationinsocietyandthe

    theoryofhabitineduethodofsodaleducationablishingthe

    rightntalattitudefrothereisnothing

    ixingofpoliticsoralsthe

    nsequenily;butdisastrousforthestate

    seenasasocialsysteitlybelievedthatanationofgood

    brothersandgoodfriendsshouldkeagoodnationyet;seenindeeyes;nfuanssocialobligationstoward

    thestranger;andgreatandaritanvirtuewas

    unknoicallydisuragedtheoretically;ithe

    ”doan:”ingtobesuccessful

    hielf;hehelpsotherstobesuccessful;ingtostandonhiso;hehelps

    otherstostandontheirfeet”butthisrelationshiptohe”others”oneof

    thefiveily;hitsfriends;

    beutualhelp

    hin;butldlyindifferenttoifiedagainst;thehoutinthe

    end;asitilybecaaleoutsidehingis

    legititeloot

    iiinepotisrruptionandnners

    everyfalyinchinaisreallyanisticunit;htheprincipleof”doyou

    canandtakeutualhelpfulnessisdevelopedto

    averyhighdegree;enuragedbyasenseofralobligationandfalyhonour

    sotisabrotherilesathehonour

    ofabankruptbrotheraparativelysuccessfulngenerally

    ntributesthegreater;ifnottheentire;shareoftheexpensesofthewholehousehold;

    anditisnpraantosendhisnephews

    tosan;ifheisanofficial;alhebestjobstohis

    relatives;andiftherearenotreadyjobshe

    andnepotiseveloped;icpressure;becaan

    irresistiblefor

    ventthefor;hthebestof

    intentions;haveprovedunsuccessful

    tolookatitkindly;nepotissnoofothersortsanister

    doesnotplaceonlyhisnepheinistry;buthealsohastoplacethenephews

    ofotherhighofficials;iftheyarehighenough;lettersof

    rendation;exceptinsinecurepostsand

    ”advisorships”theenocpressureandthepressureofoverpopulationareso

    keen;andtherearesonyeducatedneliteraryessaysbutwho

    cannotrepairacarburettororsetuparadio;thateveryneorganorevery

    officialassunganeisdailyfloodedh;literally;hundredsoflettersof

    rendationitisquitenatural;therefore;thatefor

    thefalysysteustbetakenastheofinsuranceagainst

    uneloynteveryfalytakescareofitsoployed;andhavingtaken

    ployed;itsnextbestployntfortheitisbetter

    thancharitybecauseitteachesinthelessluckyersasenseofindependence;

    andtheerssohelpedintuhelpother
………………………………

第60节

    ersofthefalybesides;the

    nisterily;eitherforthepresentorforthenextthreeorfourgenerations;byassinghalfalliontotenllionorredollars;1

    isonlytryingtoglorifyhisananofthefalygraft;or

    ”squeeze;”ybeapublicvice;butisalilyvirtueasallchineseare

    fairly”good”n;so;askuhungngsays;thenestnjugationinchinese

    graaristhatoftheverb”tosqueeze”:”isqueeze》yousqueeze;hesqueezeswe

    squeeze;yousqueezetheysqueeze”itisaregularverb

    andso;strangeasityseechinesenisreedschineseindividualis

    andfalydefinedoperationresultsingeneralkleptoniahanaltruistictinge

    toitkleptoniacangosafelyhthegreatestpersonalhonestyandevenh

    philanthropy;hingstrangeeveninthethepillarsofsociety;whoin

    eninthedailypapersandea

    hundredthousanddollarstoauniversityoracivichospital;arebutretuingthe

    neytheyrobbedfrohepeoplebacktothepeopleinthis;theeastandthe

    arestrangelyalikethedifferenceisthatinthethereisalhefearof

    exposure;pantrruptionofthe

    hardingadnistrationdid;afterall;endupinoneofficialbeingbroughttojustice

    ho;itdidseeosaythatgraftiswrong

    11alloyselftontiononlythedeadasexalesgeneralhanyiian;

    goveorofhupeh;illions;generalhunsheng;

    goveorofheilungkiang;tractsofrealtythatwouldbe

    diffiategodaloneknoueh

    heisstillalive

    inanybearrestedforstealingapurse;heisnotarrestedfor

    stealingthenationaltreasury;notevenionaltreasuresinthe

    nationalseufpeipingarestolenbytheresponsibleauthoritiesandpublicly

    exposedforhingasthenecessityofpoliticalrruption;h

    folloentbygentlen”seepage

    196nfuen;andlike

    gentlen;houtbudgets;reportsofexpenditures;legislativensentofthepeople

    orprisonoral

    endoptationsputintheiranyof

    theteal

    thebeautyofourdecracyisthattheneythusrobbedorstolenalwaysseeps

    backtothepeople;ifnotthroughauniversity;thenthroughallthepeoplewhodepend

    upontheofficialandservehidoothehouseservanttheservantwhosqueezes

    hissterisbuthelpinghioretutheneytothepeople;andhedoesitha

    estibehindhidifferingin

    gnitudebutnotinnaturefrohedostiofhisster

    thefalysysteapartfroepotisndoffientionedtheyybesuedupasthelackofsocial

    disofsocialorganization;asitdefeatsthecivilservice

    systehroughnepotisitkesan”shesnoofhisdoor;and

    notbotheraboutthefrostonhisneighboursroof”thisisnotsobadisworse

    isthatitkesanthrosidehisneighboursdoor

    thebestillustrationisthesocalledchineseurtesy;averysunderstoodtopic

    ersonhasdefinedit;as”thehappywayof

    doingthingssochdependsonisyouaredoingthingshisheofyour

    falyorafriendofyourfalytheanners

    toiliesandfriendsastheenglishninthelonies

    havetoantoldthat”thegoodthingis

    thatsquitesufficientforthe

    englishn;sinaketheuniversetheannered

    toitthechineseasasocial

    beingispositivelyhostiletoreet

    car
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