andthereforehavenothingbettertodo;entruethenflictis
betilyndandthesocialndifonescratchesdeepenough;one
alilyndatwork
forthefalysystestherootofhallchinesesocial
characteristicsderivethefalysystendthevillagesysteily
raisedtoahigherexponent;acuntforallthereistoexplaininthechinesesocial
lifeface;favour;privilege;g
………………………………
第58节
ratitude;urtesy;officialrruption;publicinstitutions;
theschool;theguild;philanthropy;hospitality;justice;andfinallythewhole
goventofilyandvillagesysteallborro
ittheirpeculiartenorandplexion;andallfindinitenlighteningexplanationsfor
theirpethefalysysteherearisesthefalynd;andfrohefalyndtherearisecertainlawillbe
interestingtostudytheseandseehoanbehavesasasocialbeingintheabsenceof
asocialnd
iithefalysystebr 》
thereerlynosu;we
kneilyonlyas”thebasisofthestate;”orratherasthebasisofhunsociety
thesysteoursalloursoent
ispersonalitteachesourchildrenthefirstlessonsinsocialobligationsbetan
andn;theneutualadjustnt;selfntrol;urtesy;asenseofduty;
ionandgratitudetos;and
respeanasenseof
sortality;
andthroughtheanrtalityveryvividit
breedsasenseoffalyhonour;forissoeasytofindparallelsinthe
ittouchesuseveninverypersonalarriage
frourhandsandgivesittothoseofourparents;itkesusrry;not
cdaughtersinlaakesourh;nottochildrenbutto
”grandakesit
rudeforayoungupletointhefalyhouseinthe
dayti;andkesprivacyanunknos
ustonoisyhe
radio;itbenusouervesanddevelopsourgoodteertheanislikea
idenolookafter;andanagestolook
neatandtidy;anislikethedaughterinlailywho
hasathousandandonehouseholdobligationstoattendtoitthereforebreedsinus
sobeessatanearlyageitkeepsouryoungintheirplacesitoverprotectsour
children;anditisstrangehoheparentsare
topselfanofenterpriseand
initiative;andinsiderthisthestdisastrouseffeilysysten
chinesecharacteraparentsfuneralinterfereshascholarschancesattheofficial
exanationsforthreeyears;andisgoodgroundfortheresignationofacabi
nister
falyethicsinterferesevenhourtravelandsport;forthetheorywasdeveloped
inthehsiaoking;orclassiffilialpiejtyo
rize;that”thebody;thehairandtheskinarereay
notbeinjured”tsengtse;thegreatdiscipleofnfucius;saidonhisdeathbed;
”exanehands;exanefeet;”intacttoretutohis
forefathersthisalreadybordersonareligiousfeelingitlitsourtravels;for
nfuoftravel;ie;travel
houtdestinationandhouthopingtoarriveanyhereforetheoretically
iossiblethefilialson”doesnotclihigh;anddoesnottreadondangerous
places”thereisthereforenotasinglefilialsoninthealpineclub
inshort;thefalysystesthenegationofindividualistself;anditholdsan
baetisthe
joesheisnotso
goodsotisitisnotajoerelyarefuse
cartbutthen;chinesesocietyhasnouseforfinearabianthoroughbreds;thebest
proofofurdertheassassinatethe
houndthentotheuntains;orsendthentotheasylueady;
ploddingdraughthorsesand
thedohasbeenpopularlycalled;isthe
soilysysteitisthedoctrihatkesforsocial
orderine
tithepriningfen;anandana
definiteplaityanistidealof”everythinginits
plaaninhisplace”ngans”na;”
andans”duty”nfucianissactuallyknoingchiao;or”religionof
nas”anaisatitlethatgivesanhisdefinitestatusinanysocietyanddefines
hisrelationshipse;c》radefinitionofthesocial
relationship;anknot;ordutiesinthatrelationship;andhence
anknowshis
placeandactsinacrdancehhisposition;socialorderhe
”fivecardinalhunrelationships;”fourareoccupiedilytheyarethe
relationshipsbet;betherandson;betweenhusbandand
hosebethersandbetrelationshipbetween
friendsybeidentifiedily;becausefriendsarethoseanbe
includedinthefalycirclefalyfriends”thefalythenbeesthe
startingpointforallralnduct
itisonlyfairtontionthatnfuciusneverintendedfalynsciousnesstotake
theplaofgnified
selfishness梒onsequences;hehadnotforeseen
theevilsofthefalysystesofhanfeitseendof
thethirdcenturybc;inopinionthegreatestofchinaspolit
………………………………
第59节
icalthinkersofthat
periodpiesntainedinhanfeitsesworks
fitinperfectlyforpresentdaychina;suchasthebreakingdohecivilservice
systehroughnepotisndfavouritisrobbingthenationtoenrichthefaly;the
ereentforoffending
officials;thensequentabsenceof”publiccitizenship”inhanfeitsesownwords
andgenerallackofsocialnsciousnesstheseentbylalock;
likesocrates
but;intheoryatleast;nfueanfalynsciousnesstodegenerate
intoaforfgnifiedselfishnessatthestofsocialintegrityhedid;inhisral
systealsoalloountofultradostickindnessheantthe
raltraininginthefalyasthebasisforgeneralraltraining;andheplanned
thatfrohegeneralraltrainingasoergehwouldlive
happilyandhaiouslytogetheronlyinthissensecanoneunderstandthe
trendousehasisplacedon”filialpiety;he”firstofall
virtues”thechinesethe
yhsiao;beingtenhthesignfor”filialpiety”plusa
causativeradicalaning”kingfilial”soexplainsthehsiaokingclassif
filialpiety}:
nfuciussaid:”thereasonanteachesfilialpietyisnotbecauseitis
tobeseeninthehoandeverydaylifehfeteaan
yrespectallthosehersintheeachesbrotherlinessinthe
youngerbrother;inorderthatnyrespectallthosehersinthe
anyrespectallwhoare
rulersintheworld”
again;nfuciussaid:
”thoseheirparentsdarenotshoredtoothersthosetheir
parents;darenotshooothers”
inthissenseheuldsaytotsengtse;hisdisciple:
”filialpietyisthebasisofvirtue;andtheoriginofculturesitdoe
tellyouthebodyandhairandskinarereaynotbe
injured:thisisthebeginningoffilialpietytodotherightthingandrding
totherightrals;thusleavingagoodnainposterity;inordertoglorifyones
aninationoffilialpietyfilialpietybeginshservingones
parents;leadstoservingonesking;andendsinestablishingonescharacter;”
theoralphilosophyitationinsocietyandthe
theoryofhabitineduethodofsodaleducationablishingthe
rightntalattitudefrothereisnothing
ixingofpoliticsoralsthe
nsequenily;butdisastrousforthestate
seenasasocialsysteitlybelievedthatanationofgood
brothersandgoodfriendsshouldkeagoodnationyet;seenindeeyes;nfuanssocialobligationstoward
thestranger;andgreatandaritanvirtuewas
unknoicallydisuragedtheoretically;ithe
”doan:”ingtobesuccessful
hielf;hehelpsotherstobesuccessful;ingtostandonhiso;hehelps
otherstostandontheirfeet”butthisrelationshiptohe”others”oneof
thefiveily;hitsfriends;
beutualhelp
hin;butldlyindifferenttoifiedagainst;thehoutinthe
end;asitilybecaaleoutsidehingis
legititeloot
iiinepotisrruptionandnners
everyfalyinchinaisreallyanisticunit;htheprincipleof”doyou
canandtakeutualhelpfulnessisdevelopedto
averyhighdegree;enuragedbyasenseofralobligationandfalyhonour
sotisabrotherilesathehonour
ofabankruptbrotheraparativelysuccessfulngenerally
ntributesthegreater;ifnottheentire;shareoftheexpensesofthewholehousehold;
anditisnpraantosendhisnephews
tosan;ifheisanofficial;alhebestjobstohis
relatives;andiftherearenotreadyjobshe
andnepotiseveloped;icpressure;becaan
irresistiblefor
ventthefor;hthebestof
intentions;haveprovedunsuccessful
tolookatitkindly;nepotissnoofothersortsanister
doesnotplaceonlyhisnepheinistry;buthealsohastoplacethenephews
ofotherhighofficials;iftheyarehighenough;lettersof
rendation;exceptinsinecurepostsand
”advisorships”theenocpressureandthepressureofoverpopulationareso
keen;andtherearesonyeducatedneliteraryessaysbutwho
cannotrepairacarburettororsetuparadio;thateveryneorganorevery
officialassunganeisdailyfloodedh;literally;hundredsoflettersof
rendationitisquitenatural;therefore;thatefor
thefalysysteustbetakenastheofinsuranceagainst
uneloynteveryfalytakescareofitsoployed;andhavingtaken
ployed;itsnextbestployntfortheitisbetter
thancharitybecauseitteachesinthelessluckyersasenseofindependence;
andtheerssohelpedintuhelpother
………………………………
第60节
ersofthefalybesides;the
nisterily;eitherforthepresentorforthenextthreeorfourgenerations;byassinghalfalliontotenllionorredollars;1
isonlytryingtoglorifyhisananofthefalygraft;or
”squeeze;”ybeapublicvice;butisalilyvirtueasallchineseare
fairly”good”n;so;askuhungngsays;thenestnjugationinchinese
graaristhatoftheverb”tosqueeze”:”isqueeze》yousqueeze;hesqueezeswe
squeeze;yousqueezetheysqueeze”itisaregularverb
andso;strangeasityseechinesenisreedschineseindividualis
andfalydefinedoperationresultsingeneralkleptoniahanaltruistictinge
toitkleptoniacangosafelyhthegreatestpersonalhonestyandevenh
philanthropy;hingstrangeeveninthethepillarsofsociety;whoin
eninthedailypapersandea
hundredthousanddollarstoauniversityoracivichospital;arebutretuingthe
neytheyrobbedfrohepeoplebacktothepeopleinthis;theeastandthe
arestrangelyalikethedifferenceisthatinthethereisalhefearof
exposure;pantrruptionofthe
hardingadnistrationdid;afterall;endupinoneofficialbeingbroughttojustice
ho;itdidseeosaythatgraftiswrong
11alloyselftontiononlythedeadasexalesgeneralhanyiian;
goveorofhupeh;illions;generalhunsheng;
goveorofheilungkiang;tractsofrealtythatwouldbe
diffiategodaloneknoueh
heisstillalive
inanybearrestedforstealingapurse;heisnotarrestedfor
stealingthenationaltreasury;notevenionaltreasuresinthe
nationalseufpeipingarestolenbytheresponsibleauthoritiesandpublicly
exposedforhingasthenecessityofpoliticalrruption;h
folloentbygentlen”seepage
196nfuen;andlike
gentlen;houtbudgets;reportsofexpenditures;legislativensentofthepeople
orprisonoral
endoptationsputintheiranyof
theteal
thebeautyofourdecracyisthattheneythusrobbedorstolenalwaysseeps
backtothepeople;ifnotthroughauniversity;thenthroughallthepeoplewhodepend
upontheofficialandservehidoothehouseservanttheservantwhosqueezes
hissterisbuthelpinghioretutheneytothepeople;andhedoesitha
estibehindhidifferingin
gnitudebutnotinnaturefrohedostiofhisster
thefalysysteapartfroepotisndoffientionedtheyybesuedupasthelackofsocial
disofsocialorganization;asitdefeatsthecivilservice
systehroughnepotisitkesan”shesnoofhisdoor;and
notbotheraboutthefrostonhisneighboursroof”thisisnotsobadisworse
isthatitkesanthrosidehisneighboursdoor
thebestillustrationisthesocalledchineseurtesy;averysunderstoodtopic
ersonhasdefinedit;as”thehappywayof
doingthingssochdependsonisyouaredoingthingshisheofyour
falyorafriendofyourfalytheanners
toiliesandfriendsastheenglishninthelonies
havetoantoldthat”thegoodthingis
thatsquitesufficientforthe
englishn;sinaketheuniversetheannered
toitthechineseasasocial
beingispositivelyhostiletoreet
car
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