《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第23部分


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    toitthechineseasasocial

    beingispositivelyhostiletoreet

    caroraneighbouratthetheatreticketoffice

    ihaveseenonarainydayatabusstationintheinlandafellohe

    dsselfoccupyingthedriversseat;andwho

    steadfastlyrefusedtogiveitupagainsttheentreatyofthestationofficialsabitof

    ”soighthavetoldhihathoutthedriveooneinthebus

    uldgetho;butthissparkofsocialnsciousnesskingifoneanalyses

    stillfurther;eeighty

    passengersthelocallitaristhadndeeredtheothersfortransportation

    purposes

    fails;andenareforadscrale;allstrandedontheroadthirty

    lesahoonarainydayandallanxioustogetho;he

    occupantofthedriversseattoexpectifhegaveitupthecaseisthereforetypical:it

    shoaladjustntbetersandthe

    ageofspeed;thepoliticalchaosble;andthelackofa

    tradition;basedonaneusttaketitogrowup

    thislaoney

    andiningpanieshaveclosedupitgoesoninanuninterruptedseries

    frohelibraryregulationstothelahelandthegreatofficialsbreakthegreat

    laallofficialsbreaktheslllaheresultisatotallackofsocial

    disciplineandgeneraldisregardforsocialrulesandregulations

    thefactis;thefalysystetandsdeindividualisndthe

    nehe;includesthey

    ilyunits;insidesthethegreatest

    nisticoperation;butbetheunitsnoreal
………………………………

第61节

    bondofunityexists;except

    thestateas;hasnotbeengreatlydevelopedsofalynsciousnesshas

    takentheplaceofthesocialnsciousnessandnationalnsciousnessinthe

    soforfnationalissdeveloping;butnooneneedbealardthe”yellow

    peril”chinadeepdoincts

    todieforourfaly;buttodieforourstatenoneofuseverto

    diefortheilitaristcliquethatsaysanation

    shouldaggrandizeitselfinordertobring”peaceandhay”toasia;oreventothe

    othechinesetosuchappealsrangely;

    superlatively;heathenishlycalloustosuchappeals;ouronlyansdoyou

    an”hinese

    inteationalrelationstogoadusandoanationalunity;butthesurprising

    thingishosuchinfluencesandprovocations

    vieayreallyseesifeantocarryalongaswe

    hegreatestpossible

    ntrastinthisrespectparethejapanese;busyandbustling;readinga

    neorinthetrain;ineclchinanda

    nentnationaldisasterhangingoverhisbroinedthatjapan

    steithersshtheashedinthenextgreatnflict;andpreparing

    foritsing梐ndthechineseinhislonggoented;as

    happygoluoutofhisdreayoucannotgo

    into橿nesehos;eatinchineserestaurantsandhihinesestreets;and

    believethatanationaloringthechinesealwayssayof

    theelvesthattheiriationislike”atrayofloosesandseachgrainbeing;notan

    individualbutafalyontheotherhand;thejapaneseationisgraatically

    onesaysthechinesenationare;utthejapanesenationisogetherlike

    apieceofraniteperhapsthisisagoodthingthenextay

    bloainsands

    ivprivilegeandequality

    thedoaninhisplacecutsthrough

    theideaofequalityinacuriousportanttoseethispointinorderto

    understandtheofchinesesocialbehaviour;bothgoodandbadthe

    hunistteerisoneehasizingdistinctionsofallkinds;distinctionsbetween

    nandenresultingintheseclusionofen;asween

    rulingauthorityandsubjects;andbet

    alagineditselfasacivilizinginfluencegoingaboutpreachingthese

    distinoral

    forissionhitheruled;kindlinessin

    theeldersandrespectforoldageintheyoung;”friendliness”hitheelderbrother;and

    hulityhitheyoungerbrother;insteadofsocialequality;theehasisisratheron

    sharplydefineddifferentiation;orstratifiedequalityforthechineseeansequalityhinitsclass

    suchasocietyisnotsandgracestherespectforoldage;for

    instance;isalethingtouching;andprofessoraerosshasnotedthatthe

    oldnhiposingfigure;redignifiedandgoodtolookatthan

    theoldnhithe;adetofeelineveryhattheyhavepassedthe

    periodoftheirusefulnessandarenouitouslyfedbytheirchildren;asiftheyhad

    notdoheirbitinbringinguptheyoungintheirprioflifeorelse;theseold

    nofthearentinuallyshoutingtopeoplethattheyarestillyounginspirit;

    akestheookridiculousnohinesewould

    gratuitouslyoffendanoldn;justasnoanwould

    intentionallyoffendaladysoofthatfinefeelingisnoagreatpartofit

    stillreinsinstchinesefaliesthatacuntsforthepoiseandserenityofold

    ageadetofeelateaseiaure

    thisgeneralrespeesbetterthanalltheoldagepensions

    intheworld

    ontheotherhand;thistheoryofdifferentiatedstatushasbroughtaboutprivilege;

    alingtotheprivilegedirers

    herespectforoldageisunquestionablygood;therespectforscholarsand

    offiofthe”literaryhe

    firstnintheierialexanations;ethingtotouchathersheart;and

    nyaidens;toothereheountedonaehorse;personallyderated

    bytheeeror;paradingthestreetsasthefirstandcleverestscholaroftheland;a

    veritableprincechag;foritportant;too;thatthefirstscholarshouldlook

    handsosuchhegloryofbeingadistinguishedscholar;andsuchhe

    gloryofbeingandarinofficial;agongsounded

    announcinghising;andyan1servantsclearedthehe

    passersbyauchdirttheyanservantshadaledh

    partoftheirsterspoaidor

    killedanortwo

    onecannotreadoldchinesenovelsinguponsuchascene

    callitpoes;”gloriousasa

    nflagrationtheyanservantsonlyighteacross

    anothertrainbelongingtoanofficialofhigherrankforsohedoctrineof

    status;pentheir”fire”alittle;orthattheyghtunknowinglykill

    orinothathigherofficialshouseholdthentheyry;

    ”ioughttodieioughttodie”andactuallytheyghtbehandedovertothehigher

    offied
………………………………

第62节

    fit;includingfloggingand

    irisonnt;lawoolaw

    1yanistheheadquartersofanofficial

    privilegeofthissorting;anditisnohat

    deofficials;deprivedofsuchoutogiveitupnoone

    enjoyingaprivilegeisnotflatteredbyitorhighlypleasedocratic

    edoodeofficials”publicservants”theyyusethephrase

    theelvesincirculartelegra;butintheirheartstheyhateitin1934therestill

    occurredacaseinentofficialdisobeyedthe

    trafficsignal;crossedtheroadatabusyer;andpullingoutarevolver;shotoffthe

    thuofthepolicensucheofhis

    officialfireyes;privilegehing;anditisstillglooday

    privilegeisthereforetheantithesisofequalityandtheofficialsarethenaturalenees

    ofdecracyheofficialsareocurtailtheirclassprivilege;enjoy

    lessfreedofaentbyappearingatala;china

    edoveightintoatruedecracybutnotuntilthenforifthe

    peoplearefree;oftheofficialsandlitaristsifthe

    peoplehavetheinviolabilityofperson;ofthelitariststo

    arresteditors;closedoensheadstocuretheirheadache1

    hepeoplearedisrespectfultotheirofficialsortheyoungspeakagainst

    theirparents;”fanliaofanliao”aningthatheavenandearthare

    overtuedandtheetoanend

    thenotionisverydeeprootedinthechinesend;andtheevilisnotnfinedtothe

    offiilesofflikethebanyantree;

    too;itspreadsitsolshadeoveralleunderitfightthe

    banyantree;eunderitsshadepeachofficials;likethe

    aricans;orbudohehousesoftherich;likethebolsheviksryto

    beetheirdoorkeepersandenjoytheirofficialurage

    1asdidgenerals

    nabecauseheisdead

    vsocialglasses

    itseeclear;then;thatactuallythereareonlyten

    classraterritorialrightshoutnsularjurisdictionlongbeforethe

    europeansenclasshetaxesandobeythe

    laorecruelly;thereareonlythetopdogand

    theunderdog;;thechinesebearthis

    scheofthingsquitenoblyandablishedsocialclassesin

    ilies;othevicissitudes

    offortunetherearetheluckyyanfalies;andtherearethelessluckyfalies;

    ensorarryintothe

    yandoandnofaliesstandquitealonethroughrriage;orthroughacquaintance;thereishardlyafalyinchinathatcannotfindadistantusinwho

    knorchangerinlahesisterofa

    certainbureaucratsevalueesto

    las

    yanfaliesyindeedparedagaintobanyantreesscross

    andrecrosseachotherandspreadfanytoabanyantreeona

    hillthroughaproent;theyallstruggleforaplaceinthesun;andthey

    liveatpeaceestandatabettervantagepointthanothers;and

    theyallprotecteachotherofficialsprotectofficials;”asthecurrentchinesesaying

    goesthenpeoplearethesoil

    sustenanceandkestheroenciussaid;he

    distinonn;”an

    therenpeople;andnpeople

    therean”oncethekingofghiaskednfucius

    aboutgovent;andonbeingtoldofthedoctrineofsocialstatus;theking

    exclaid;”hekingisnotkingly;andthesubjectsdonotfulfiltheir

    dutiesassubjectshohoughtherebeplentyofriceintheuntry”

    sobetaboveandthesapoftheearthfroelohetrees

    prospersotreesarerevigorousthanothersanddraoresapfroheearth;

    andpeopleiretheirgreenleavesdonotknohatit

    isthesapthatdoesit

    theofficialsknoagistracysittingandaingtheir

    chancesinpekingknoandnstantnversationrictis”fat”and

    rictis”thin”they;too;haliteraryflourish;speakofthenational

    revenueas”thepeoplesfatandthepeoplesrroractionof

    hunfatandhunrroparableindiversityandingenuityto

    organiistcannvertbeetrootintosugar;andareallygood

    onehave

    nothingtolosebyparison

    theredeengfeatureistheabsenen

    anenthereditaryinstitution;liketielandedaristocracyineurope;

    anditisiossibletoidentifyitpeentlyhanygroupofindividualsthere

    hasbeennofalyinchinathatitsancestorshaveneverworkedfor

    thelastfivehundredyears;likesoaristocratsinfranceorthehabsburgsinaustria;

    exceptnfuciussfaly;helastthousandyearsthe

    desanchuar;aybetrulysaid

    nottohavehelastthreehundredyears;andnohthefallofthe

    ntheyareast

    interestingcaseforsocialiststostudy;asshocanhappentoaclassof

    peoplefedbythenationforthreecenturies;fortheyarethetrue”leisureclass”in

    chinabutthey
………………………………

第63节

    aretheexception

    thereisnohardandfastlineofdistinen

    class

    thefaly;ratherthananyhereditaryiliesgoup

    anddoanpastfortyhasseenhhisowneyeshow

    sofaliesriseandothersgodoocracyisintainedintheor

    ineonehaspointedout;byourprodigal

    sonsoftheseprodigalsons;thereareplentyinchinahroughtheirprodigality;

    ketheriseofapeentrichclassiossible;standingthus;asithe

    buloadeitpossiblealbitious

    andablentorisefrohebottofthesinationsnonewere

    excludedexceptthesonsofbeggarsorprostitutesandeducationsostly

    thatonlysonsofthehigherclassesuldafforditwhileleaingwasaprivilegeof

    thetalented;itheprivilegeoftherich;nooneobeseriously

    handiaybesaidthat

    thereyofopportunityforall

    thechinesedividesocietyintofourclasses;inthefolloportance:the

    sers;theartisansandtherchantsinapritiveagricultural

    societyinained;thespiritocraticthere

    ;asthereerursebetheseclasses;

    exenclass;arredby”classfeeling”and

    snobberyinthebestsoeray

    aska;perhapsh

    lessndesatesofanenglishnorhousespeaktothe

    farand1thefarrs;theartisansandtherchants;beingallpartofthesapof

    theearth;arehule;quiet;selfrespectingcitizensthefannersareplaced;by

    nfuciantheory;attheheadofthesethreeclasses;forthericensciouschinese

    alesfroandtheyaregratefulthey;together

    erchantsandartisans;alllookuptothescholarsasaclassentitledto

    privilegeandextraurtesy;andhthedifficultyofacquiringaknohe

    oftheirhearts

    1astrikingexaleofthisisntainedintaesketchcalled”decracy”in

    sorsetughaonachinesescreen

    vitheletriad

    butdothesent
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