toitthechineseasasocial
beingispositivelyhostiletoreet
caroraneighbouratthetheatreticketoffice
ihaveseenonarainydayatabusstationintheinlandafellohe
dsselfoccupyingthedriversseat;andwho
steadfastlyrefusedtogiveitupagainsttheentreatyofthestationofficialsabitof
”soighthavetoldhihathoutthedriveooneinthebus
uldgetho;butthissparkofsocialnsciousnesskingifoneanalyses
stillfurther;eeighty
passengersthelocallitaristhadndeeredtheothersfortransportation
purposes
fails;andenareforadscrale;allstrandedontheroadthirty
lesahoonarainydayandallanxioustogetho;he
occupantofthedriversseattoexpectifhegaveitupthecaseisthereforetypical:it
shoaladjustntbetersandthe
ageofspeed;thepoliticalchaosble;andthelackofa
tradition;basedonaneusttaketitogrowup
thislaoney
andiningpanieshaveclosedupitgoesoninanuninterruptedseries
frohelibraryregulationstothelahelandthegreatofficialsbreakthegreat
laallofficialsbreaktheslllaheresultisatotallackofsocial
disciplineandgeneraldisregardforsocialrulesandregulations
thefactis;thefalysystetandsdeindividualisndthe
nehe;includesthey
ilyunits;insidesthethegreatest
nisticoperation;butbetheunitsnoreal
………………………………
第61节
bondofunityexists;except
thestateas;hasnotbeengreatlydevelopedsofalynsciousnesshas
takentheplaceofthesocialnsciousnessandnationalnsciousnessinthe
soforfnationalissdeveloping;butnooneneedbealardthe”yellow
peril”chinadeepdoincts
todieforourfaly;buttodieforourstatenoneofuseverto
diefortheilitaristcliquethatsaysanation
shouldaggrandizeitselfinordertobring”peaceandhay”toasia;oreventothe
othechinesetosuchappealsrangely;
superlatively;heathenishlycalloustosuchappeals;ouronlyansdoyou
an”hinese
inteationalrelationstogoadusandoanationalunity;butthesurprising
thingishosuchinfluencesandprovocations
vieayreallyseesifeantocarryalongaswe
hegreatestpossible
ntrastinthisrespectparethejapanese;busyandbustling;readinga
neorinthetrain;ineclchinanda
nentnationaldisasterhangingoverhisbroinedthatjapan
steithersshtheashedinthenextgreatnflict;andpreparing
foritsing梐ndthechineseinhislonggoented;as
happygoluoutofhisdreayoucannotgo
into橿nesehos;eatinchineserestaurantsandhihinesestreets;and
believethatanationaloringthechinesealwayssayof
theelvesthattheiriationislike”atrayofloosesandseachgrainbeing;notan
individualbutafalyontheotherhand;thejapaneseationisgraatically
onesaysthechinesenationare;utthejapanesenationisogetherlike
apieceofraniteperhapsthisisagoodthingthenextay
bloainsands
ivprivilegeandequality
thedoaninhisplacecutsthrough
theideaofequalityinacuriousportanttoseethispointinorderto
understandtheofchinesesocialbehaviour;bothgoodandbadthe
hunistteerisoneehasizingdistinctionsofallkinds;distinctionsbetween
nandenresultingintheseclusionofen;asween
rulingauthorityandsubjects;andbet
alagineditselfasacivilizinginfluencegoingaboutpreachingthese
distinoral
forissionhitheruled;kindlinessin
theeldersandrespectforoldageintheyoung;”friendliness”hitheelderbrother;and
hulityhitheyoungerbrother;insteadofsocialequality;theehasisisratheron
sharplydefineddifferentiation;orstratifiedequalityforthechineseeansequalityhinitsclass
suchasocietyisnotsandgracestherespectforoldage;for
instance;isalethingtouching;andprofessoraerosshasnotedthatthe
oldnhiposingfigure;redignifiedandgoodtolookatthan
theoldnhithe;adetofeelineveryhattheyhavepassedthe
periodoftheirusefulnessandarenouitouslyfedbytheirchildren;asiftheyhad
notdoheirbitinbringinguptheyoungintheirprioflifeorelse;theseold
nofthearentinuallyshoutingtopeoplethattheyarestillyounginspirit;
akestheookridiculousnohinesewould
gratuitouslyoffendanoldn;justasnoanwould
intentionallyoffendaladysoofthatfinefeelingisnoagreatpartofit
stillreinsinstchinesefaliesthatacuntsforthepoiseandserenityofold
ageadetofeelateaseiaure
thisgeneralrespeesbetterthanalltheoldagepensions
intheworld
ontheotherhand;thistheoryofdifferentiatedstatushasbroughtaboutprivilege;
alingtotheprivilegedirers
herespectforoldageisunquestionablygood;therespectforscholarsand
offiofthe”literaryhe
firstnintheierialexanations;ethingtotouchathersheart;and
nyaidens;toothereheountedonaehorse;personallyderated
bytheeeror;paradingthestreetsasthefirstandcleverestscholaroftheland;a
veritableprincechag;foritportant;too;thatthefirstscholarshouldlook
handsosuchhegloryofbeingadistinguishedscholar;andsuchhe
gloryofbeingandarinofficial;agongsounded
announcinghising;andyan1servantsclearedthehe
passersbyauchdirttheyanservantshadaledh
partoftheirsterspoaidor
killedanortwo
onecannotreadoldchinesenovelsinguponsuchascene
callitpoes;”gloriousasa
nflagrationtheyanservantsonlyighteacross
anothertrainbelongingtoanofficialofhigherrankforsohedoctrineof
status;pentheir”fire”alittle;orthattheyghtunknowinglykill
orinothathigherofficialshouseholdthentheyry;
”ioughttodieioughttodie”andactuallytheyghtbehandedovertothehigher
offied
………………………………
第62节
fit;includingfloggingand
irisonnt;lawoolaw
1yanistheheadquartersofanofficial
privilegeofthissorting;anditisnohat
deofficials;deprivedofsuchoutogiveitupnoone
enjoyingaprivilegeisnotflatteredbyitorhighlypleasedocratic
edoodeofficials”publicservants”theyyusethephrase
theelvesincirculartelegra;butintheirheartstheyhateitin1934therestill
occurredacaseinentofficialdisobeyedthe
trafficsignal;crossedtheroadatabusyer;andpullingoutarevolver;shotoffthe
thuofthepolicensucheofhis
officialfireyes;privilegehing;anditisstillglooday
privilegeisthereforetheantithesisofequalityandtheofficialsarethenaturalenees
ofdecracyheofficialsareocurtailtheirclassprivilege;enjoy
lessfreedofaentbyappearingatala;china
edoveightintoatruedecracybutnotuntilthenforifthe
peoplearefree;oftheofficialsandlitaristsifthe
peoplehavetheinviolabilityofperson;ofthelitariststo
arresteditors;closedoensheadstocuretheirheadache1
hepeoplearedisrespectfultotheirofficialsortheyoungspeakagainst
theirparents;”fanliaofanliao”aningthatheavenandearthare
overtuedandtheetoanend
thenotionisverydeeprootedinthechinesend;andtheevilisnotnfinedtothe
offiilesofflikethebanyantree;
too;itspreadsitsolshadeoveralleunderitfightthe
banyantree;eunderitsshadepeachofficials;likethe
aricans;orbudohehousesoftherich;likethebolsheviksryto
beetheirdoorkeepersandenjoytheirofficialurage
1asdidgenerals
nabecauseheisdead
vsocialglasses
itseeclear;then;thatactuallythereareonlyten
classraterritorialrightshoutnsularjurisdictionlongbeforethe
europeansenclasshetaxesandobeythe
laorecruelly;thereareonlythetopdogand
theunderdog;;thechinesebearthis
scheofthingsquitenoblyandablishedsocialclassesin
ilies;othevicissitudes
offortunetherearetheluckyyanfalies;andtherearethelessluckyfalies;
ensorarryintothe
yandoandnofaliesstandquitealonethroughrriage;orthroughacquaintance;thereishardlyafalyinchinathatcannotfindadistantusinwho
knorchangerinlahesisterofa
certainbureaucratsevalueesto
las
yanfaliesyindeedparedagaintobanyantreesscross
andrecrosseachotherandspreadfanytoabanyantreeona
hillthroughaproent;theyallstruggleforaplaceinthesun;andthey
liveatpeaceestandatabettervantagepointthanothers;and
theyallprotecteachotherofficialsprotectofficials;”asthecurrentchinesesaying
goesthenpeoplearethesoil
sustenanceandkestheroenciussaid;he
distinonn;”an
therenpeople;andnpeople
therean”oncethekingofghiaskednfucius
aboutgovent;andonbeingtoldofthedoctrineofsocialstatus;theking
exclaid;”hekingisnotkingly;andthesubjectsdonotfulfiltheir
dutiesassubjectshohoughtherebeplentyofriceintheuntry”
sobetaboveandthesapoftheearthfroelohetrees
prospersotreesarerevigorousthanothersanddraoresapfroheearth;
andpeopleiretheirgreenleavesdonotknohatit
isthesapthatdoesit
theofficialsknoagistracysittingandaingtheir
chancesinpekingknoandnstantnversationrictis”fat”and
rictis”thin”they;too;haliteraryflourish;speakofthenational
revenueas”thepeoplesfatandthepeoplesrroractionof
hunfatandhunrroparableindiversityandingenuityto
organiistcannvertbeetrootintosugar;andareallygood
onehave
nothingtolosebyparison
theredeengfeatureistheabsenen
anenthereditaryinstitution;liketielandedaristocracyineurope;
anditisiossibletoidentifyitpeentlyhanygroupofindividualsthere
hasbeennofalyinchinathatitsancestorshaveneverworkedfor
thelastfivehundredyears;likesoaristocratsinfranceorthehabsburgsinaustria;
exceptnfuciussfaly;helastthousandyearsthe
desanchuar;aybetrulysaid
nottohavehelastthreehundredyears;andnohthefallofthe
ntheyareast
interestingcaseforsocialiststostudy;asshocanhappentoaclassof
peoplefedbythenationforthreecenturies;fortheyarethetrue”leisureclass”in
chinabutthey
………………………………
第63节
aretheexception
thereisnohardandfastlineofdistinen
class
thefaly;ratherthananyhereditaryiliesgoup
anddoanpastfortyhasseenhhisowneyeshow
sofaliesriseandothersgodoocracyisintainedintheor
ineonehaspointedout;byourprodigal
sonsoftheseprodigalsons;thereareplentyinchinahroughtheirprodigality;
ketheriseofapeentrichclassiossible;standingthus;asithe
buloadeitpossiblealbitious
andablentorisefrohebottofthesinationsnonewere
excludedexceptthesonsofbeggarsorprostitutesandeducationsostly
thatonlysonsofthehigherclassesuldafforditwhileleaingwasaprivilegeof
thetalented;itheprivilegeoftherich;nooneobeseriously
handiaybesaidthat
thereyofopportunityforall
thechinesedividesocietyintofourclasses;inthefolloportance:the
sers;theartisansandtherchantsinapritiveagricultural
societyinained;thespiritocraticthere
;asthereerursebetheseclasses;
exenclass;arredby”classfeeling”and
snobberyinthebestsoeray
aska;perhapsh
lessndesatesofanenglishnorhousespeaktothe
farand1thefarrs;theartisansandtherchants;beingallpartofthesapof
theearth;arehule;quiet;selfrespectingcitizensthefannersareplaced;by
nfuciantheory;attheheadofthesethreeclasses;forthericensciouschinese
alesfroandtheyaregratefulthey;together
erchantsandartisans;alllookuptothescholarsasaclassentitledto
privilegeandextraurtesy;andhthedifficultyofacquiringaknohe
oftheirhearts
1astrikingexaleofthisisntainedintaesketchcalled”decracy”in
sorsetughaonachinesescreen
vitheletriad
butdothesent
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