regulationsalloan;andanesroundhesilentlydrahispocketbook;
slesgraciouslyandsailsahenheisgaininggreaterfacestillif;hohe
policenisunfaceandpretendsnottokno;theofficial
andarin”byaskingthepolicen”ifheknoher”and
signallingtothechauffeurtogooff;andthushisfaceillgreaterandifthe
inrrigiblepoliceninsistsontakingthechauffeurtothestation;buttheofficial
telephonestotheediatelyreleasesthechauffeurandorders
thedisssalofthelittlepolicen”knoher;”thenthefaceof
theofficialbeestrulybeatific
facecannotbetranslatedordefineditislikehonourandisnothonouritcannotbe
puranoraanaterialprideitishollowand
isenfightforandanyendieforitisinvisibleandyetby
definitionexistsbybeingshoothepublicitexistsintheetherandyetcanbe
heard;andsoundsenentlyrespeenable;nottoreasonbutto
sourdersand
suiakesanoutofarenegadeedbyhis
felloen;anditisprizedaboveallearthlypossessionsitisrepowerful
thanfateandfavour;andrerespectedthanthenstitutionitoftendecidesa
litaryviolishaentnistryitisthat
holloeninchinaliveby
tonfusefaceakeagrievouserrorchinesegirlsused
todieforfaan;asso
ate
childandyetintheanhecheekanddoesnotoffera
challengeforaduelislosing”honour9butnotlosingfaceontheotherhand;the
uglysonofataofai;oasingsonggirlshouse;isinsultedandretush
apanyofpolicetoorderthearrestofthesingsonggirlandtheclosingofthe
house;isgetting”face;”butwewouldhardlysayheisguardinghis”honour”
battleshavebeenlostandeireshavebeensacrificed”becausethegeneralswere
bargainingforsohonorifieinoffensiveingdefeat
ratherthanproceedingacrdingtolitarytacticshotntroversieshaveragedand
protractedlegalbattleshavebeenfought;inheerknohatallthe
tinothingreallypreventsthepartiesfrongtogetherexceptanicewayof
gettingoutofit;orprobablythepropera
politicalpartyandchangedtheionbecausehely
insultedbyafelloenarerin
ordertokeepgoingafuneralcelebrationappropriatetothestandingorfaceofthe
faly;andoldfaliesonthedeclineareogobankruptandliveindebtfor
lifeforthesareason
nottogiveanfaceistheutstheightofrudenessandislikethrointheanyofficialsattendbethreeandfourdinnersina
nightandinjurealltheiraldigestivesysteatherthankeoneof
theirintendedhostslosefacenydefeatedgeneralstobebeheadedor
rotinprisonaresentontoursof”industrial”or”educationalinspection”toeuropeas
apricefortheirsurrender;heirfaceandheperiodic
reinistrywasabolished
fourorfiveyearsagoinordertoavoidtheissal”andsavethefaceofthe
nisterstogetoutandperhapsgetajail
sentencebesidesadisssalakethenisterloseface;becausetherewas
noehun;alltoohun;thisfaceofoursandyet;it
isthegoadofaitionandoneyithascauseda
siserybecausetheforeignprincipalinsistedonincreasinghis
salaryfroighteendollarstonieendollarshehertakeeighteendollars
ortanafatherinlao
askhisunakinghioseface;is
probablyonlyakeanoutofhiandverypossiblythatsolitarywalk
onhiseybethebeginningofhiskinggood
itissaferontheotravelhpeoplehanh
peopleuchofitterinsistedonhaving
thefantainingcasesofsulphurandsitonthesecases
andthropradoreeventually;
thestearhesoldierssucceededinsavingtheirfacebutnottheir
charredcarcassesthishadnothingtodohignoranceoreducationaneducated
toover
baggageonstrationsand
pleadingsofthepilotreover;heedtohaveextrafacebeforehisfriendswho
off;andorderedthepilottocircleroundashewasapowerful
litaristtheextrafaceenervous;theplane
refusedtogoupevenly;ithitagainstatree;andeventuallythegeneralpaidforhis
facebylosingoneofhislegsanybodyhinkfaceisgoodenoughto
pensateforoverluggageinanaeroplaneoughttolosehislegandbe
thankfulforit
soitseethatpossibletodefineface;itisneverthelesscertainthat
untileverybodyloseshisfacein
………………………………
第67节
thisuntry;chinaeatruly
deuchface;anyionis;when
heofficialsbeolosetheirsatthepublicurts;then
rafficatthelas;thenice
andinistries;andthegoventbyfacegivesoa
goventbylahenruerepublic
viiithevillagesystebr 》
intheabsenind;hohropypossibleinchina;and
forhavellectiveenterprisesforpublicgoodtakentheansobefoundin
thevillagesysteilyraisedtoahigherexponentthepastoral
bauseualso
developedavillagensilartothegroivisciousnessofa
heloveofthefalytheregrehe
entforthelandwhere
oneentaroseaybe;”in
thesanative
plabindsthepeopleofthesavillage;orthesadistrict;
orthesaprovincetogether;andisresponsiblefortheexistenceofdistrictschools;
publicgrainage;rchantguilds;orphanages;andotherpublicfoundations
fundantally;theyspringfrohefalypsythe
falypatteitisthefalyndenlargedsoastokesoasureofcivic
operationpossible
ineverybigberofprovincialor
districtguilds;liketheanhuiguild;theningpoguild;etcherearerich
rchants;theseguildsarealy
nativetoilliondollarsitkeepsa
sayalways
serveashotels;liketheetis
haveapeerchant
all
overtheuntryhadtogotopekingforthetriennialexanations;therea
provinceordistrictthatdidnothaveitsohecapitalifoneuld
notfindonesdistrictguild;oneuldalheseguilds
thesagistraesilies;as
inpeenthotelscertainprovinces;likeshansiandanhui;spreadaworkof
suerchantstocarryontradeallovertheuntry
baofnal
govent;theonlyrealgoventinent”being
knoentaxllectorsanditssoldierswhoalwaysraisea
hullabalooontheiroffientreally
taxedthepeopleverylittleinthegoodoldierialdays;andfrohevillagerspoint
ofvieperorfarailitary
serviceheuntrypeacethereherwaor
banditry;andonlytheriffraffofsocietyeverthoughtofbeingsoldiershe
untryatpeace;ittodistinguishbethe
soldiersofthegoventandthebanditsoftheuntry;adistinctionhis
totallyunnecessaryinfact;nosuchdistinctionislogicallytenableasregardslaw
andjustice;thepeoplealshyofthela;niyfivepercentofvillagedisputesbeingsettledbythevillageelderstobeinvolvedinalawas
ipsofainiousgoodoldpeopleoftenboastedthattheyhadneverenteredan
offiostiortantfunctions
oftheent;taxlleaintainingpeaceandkeepingjustice;very
littlecatobotherthepeopleacrdingtothechinesepoliticalphilosophy;that
goventgovesbestithereal
goventofandappliestothe
villageholdstrueinthegeneralspiritforthetownalso
thesocalledvillageortoentisinvisibleithasnovisiblebodyof
authorityliketheyororunorallybytheeldersby
virtueoftheirgreatage;andbythegentrybyvirtueoftheirknowledgeoflawand
historyfundantally;itisgoveedbycustondusage;theuntenlaase
ofdisputes;theeldersorpatriarchsareinvitedtodecidetherightandhe
tter;acrding;asannature
andetealreason”binedherearenolaisalofindout;
especiallyangpartiesesocial
tradition;akesjustice
possible;andanheartthevillage
gentryareasaclasserthanthetory;althoughtheirparasitiatureis
enocallydeteedtherearegoodanduprightscholarsakeit
theirprofessiontohandlelas;andheirreputationforcharacterand
leaingsharethegeneralrespectofthevillagershtheeldersundertheseelders
andscholarsthepeoplecarryonanner;asin
eanddivisionofproperty;orinedtofight
forfaenbutitisonlyhpartiesarepreparedto
ruintheelves;fortheyavoidtheyanlikeaplague
thechinesepeoplecanalselves;havealselves
ifthethingent”canleavethelone;theyarealolet
thegoventalonegivethepeopletenyearsofanarchy;heword
”govent”heyogether;theywill
prosper;theyivated
………………………………
第68节
esertsandtuthentoorchards;theyakewares
andsellthellovertheuntry;andtheyhehiddentreasuresofthe
earthontheiroobegroauseno
oneforaticallyandtheywillhavesaved
enoughtoprovideagainstallteoraryfloodsandfaneslettherebenotax
bureauhthesignboard;”enrichingthenationandfatteningthepeople;”andthe
nationhepeople
ix”goventbygentlen”
theststrikingcharacteristicinourpoliticallifeasanationistheabsenceofanstitutionandoftheideaofcivilrightsthisispossibleonlybecauseofa
differentsooralshpoliticsandisa
philosophyofralhayratherthanaphilosophyofforcea”nstitution”
presupposesthatourrulersghtbecrooksightabusetheirpoe
our”rights;”henstitutionasaodefendthechinese
nentisthedirectoppositeofthissuppositionitisknownas
a”parentalgovent”or”goventbygentlen;”olook
afterthepeoplesinterestsasparentslookaftertheirchildrensinterests;andto
hese
peopleshandsillionshoutaskingforareportofexpenditureandto
thesepeopleitedofficialpohoutthethoughtofsafeguarding
ourselveslikegentlen
thereuldbenofiner;justerandreaentby
gentlenthantentyonehundredyearsagobyhanfeitse;a
philosopherofthe”legalistschool”fachiathreecenturiesafter
nfuent
bylaentbypersonshisanalysisoftheevilsofthispersonal
goventissoacute;andhispicturesofchinesepoliticallifeofhisdayareso
strikinglyappropriatefordechina;thathealteraifhe
oustoday
aoral
platitudesandinshunningalleffortsatralreforibelievethesoonerop
talkingaboutralreforofthepeople;thesoonershallogivechinaa
entthefaoralreforas
asolutionforpoliticalevilsisasignofthepuerilityoftheirthinkingandtheir
inabilitytograspthepolitisaspolitistheyshouldseethatwe
havebeentalkingralplatitudesntinuouslyforthelastthousandyears
provingtheuntryrallyorgivingitaent
theyshouldseethat;ifrajizationshinashouldbeaparadise
ofsaintsandangelstodayisuspetalksareso
popular;especiallyhourofficials;isbecausetheyknohatsuchtalksdonobody
anyharprobablyallourralupliftershaveabadnscienceifindthatgeneral
changtsungchangandothersandupliftothers
ralsgenerallykeepfroivetofifteensatseducingyoung
girlshing;95andtheyecho;”true;benevolenceisa
goodthing;”andnoharsdoneanybodyontheotherhand;idonothearanyofour
offientbylahepeople;
eyoubylaoprison”theearlier;therefore;op
talkingaboutralityandsentoflaw;
thesoonerakeitiossiblefortheseofficialstododgetheissueandpretendto
readthenfuents
briefly;aysay;therefore;thatthereionsof
goventinhanfeitsestis;ases:thenfucian
nentbygentlenandthelegalistnentby
laassuseveryrulertobea
gentlenandprolikeagentlenthelegalistsystessus
everyrulertobeaakeprovisionsinthepoliticalsysteo
preventhiroarryingouthiscrookedintentionsobviouslythefirstisthe
traditionalviehesendtheeviehevieseas
hanfeitsesays;akeit
iossiblefortheobebadthatistheralbasisofthelegalistphilosophyin
otherenandtohepathof
righteousness;etheobepotentialprisonintesanddeviseways
andanstopreventthesepotentialnvictsfroobbingthepeopleandsellingthe
untryonecanreadilyseethatthelattersystesrelikelytobeeffectiveasa
checkforpoliticalrruptionthanen
intobe
potentialtobegentlen
inthegoodoldnfuciantobebenevolentrulersandtolove
thepeopleastheirotobehonest;andwesay;”goahead;
spendandapublicbudget
orarenderingofpublicacunts
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