《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第26部分


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    thepeopleastheirotobehonest;andwesay;”goahead;

    spendandapublicbudget

    orarenderingofpublicacunts”ilitarists;”goahead;rustyou

    uchthatyoutaxusacrdingtoyour

    nscience”andats;”goahead;plicitfaithinyour

    patriotisandontractanyandeverysortofinteationaltreaty

    itittousforapproval”andtoallourofficialswesay;”in

    en;stonepailouinyourhonour;butin

    caseyoutuouttobecrooks;putyouinprison”neverinother

    untriesanlytreatntofofficialsnosesaysthis

    isallanychanceshth
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第69节

    eirralendosifhanfeitse

    etheobe;

    ”youtothepathofrighteousnessanderectstonepailou

    inyourhonourinen;butincaseyoutuouttobe

    crooks;stobeasounderandspeedierwayof

    puttinganendtoourpolitihanfeitse;ina

    ratherfreerenderinghesays:”youenina

    untrytygoodaveragebutthereare;ontheotherhand;probablya

    hundredoffioreoffientofill

    thesothatyouhavetenhonestnandniycrookstofillallofthepositions

    henisruleratherthanagood

    goventtherefore;theandnotinpersonaltalents;

    inathodandnotinpersonalhonesty;”hanfeitsedeniedthata”parental

    govent”edout;evenparentsdonotalways

    succeedingoveingtheirchildren;anditorethanparentslovetheirchildrenhanfeitseldlyand

    hurouslyaskedhoanydisciplesnfuciusgotendous

    benevolenceandrighteousness;andthefactthatevennfuciusuldobtain

    onlyseventydisciplesanghundredsandthousandsofpeopleaclearproofofthe

    futilityofvirtuenotunreasonabletoexpectallrulerstouelike

    nfuciusandalltheirsubjectstolovevirtuelikehisseventydisciplesthereisa

    kindofpleasingcynicisdryhuur;andsoundsenseinthosewords

    hanfeitsesdescriptionoftheillsofhisuntryagreestoafaulththoseof

    presentdayilarhecharacteroftheofficialsandpeopleofthose

    daysthat;inreadinghiighteasilyforgetthatheode

    chinahetracedtherruptionoftheofficialsandtheapathyofthepeopleofhisday

    tothelainsteadofralizingaboutit;

    hepreaentandthelackofpubliclegal

    protectionthatfaulthesaidalltroubleslayinthelackofa”publirjust

    laapackofgabblingfools;

    ightbefittinglyappliedtosonyofour”longgoriots”todayhe

    saidoftheoffiethattheyheirrruptionbecause

    thereentforthehesaidintheseveryhoughtheir

    nationalterritoryissacrificed;theirfalieshavegotrichiftheysucceed;theywill

    bepofort”梬ordsthatght

    havebeenthatislivinginretirentindairen

    ortheshanghaisettlentshesaidthatbe;”people

    otedacrdingtotheirpartynnections;andodiverttheir

    attentiontosocialentertainntsratherthanthefulfilntofthelarue

    theseselvesknow

    thereportantpassagein

    ”publiccitizen”andriedtoacuntforthegeneralapathyandindifferenceof

    thepeopletoheiationalaffairshesaidineffect:”noo

    fighttheyhertheygoforubackthatisdangerousfor

    theyouasktheoforsaketheiroilitaryservice;

    andanyattentionofurse;they

    reinpoooobeindangerandpovertynaturally;theyryto

    keepayouthereforetheyindtheirownbusinessandwillbe

    interestedinbuildingtheirorytoavoidwarbyavoidingwar;

    theyerichand

    securetheelvesforlifenoliketobehyandtoliveinpeace

    andhofroeekingpeaceandhthisisthereason

    anyprivateindividuals;”

    itisstilltruetodaythatanyprivate

    individualsandthereasonistobefoundinthelaistoodangerous

    forantobetoopublicspirited;itisnaturalthatheshouldtakeanapathetic

    attitudetoentforgreedyand

    rruptoffiuannaturethattheyshouldnotberrupt

    hencehanfeitsebelievedintheestablishntofan”inviolablelahshould

    applytoboththerulerandtheruledalike”hebelievedthatthelawshouldbe

    supre;thatallpeopleshouldbeequalbeforethelahatthislawshouldbe

    appliedinplaceofpersonalpreferencesandnnections

    hereoste;butwehavea

    typeofthinkingthatstrikesasbeingstunghineseitisstrangethat;in

    ntrasttothenfucianistdictuhat”urtesyshouldnotbeextendedtothe

    nersandpunishntshouldnotbeserveduptothelords9wehaveherea

    legalistighty;and

    statutesthatshouldbeappliedrigidly;sothathelahecleverwill

    subtandthepoptedfrobr 》

    punishntandreble”hanfeitse

    nceivedofalahehighandthelohecleveronesandthestupid

    onesshallstandequal”hepushedtheideaofachanisticruleofthelahat

    hebelieveditechanistic

    notionotallyunchinese

    henentinhissystehat”thekingshoulddonothing”theking

    shoulddonothing;becausehesahekingsuldnotdoanythinganyhe

    averagerunofkin
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第70节

    gsgoes;andthereshouldbeaentrunningso

    justlyandperfeatterherhe

    king;therefore;beesafigurehead;asinthedenstitutionalgovent

    theenglishpeoplehaveakingtolayfoundationstonesandchristenshipsandblight

    people;butitisentirelyuniortanttothenationhertheyhaveagoodorbad

    king;anintelligentkingoraparativelydiocrekingthesystehouldrunof

    itselfthatinessennceingtheking;as

    interpretedbyhanfeitseandpractisedalsohgreatsuccessinengland

    itisaqueerironyoffatethatthegoodoldschoolteachefuciusshouldeverbe

    oralllyddlestuffshouldeverbe

    honouredeofa”politientbyvirtue

    andbybenevolentrulersissofantastiore

    oneghtjustasotortraffinbroadrustingtothedrivers

    spontaneousurtesy;insteadofbyasystefredandgreenlightsandanythinking

    studentofentdla

    nfuoralizinghasalostrrupt

    theorerrupt

    thaneonestheplain;inexorablepoliticalandhistoricaltruthisthatwhenyou

    treatoffiuouttobecrooks;butreat

    theikecrooks;hprisonsandthreatsofprisons;astheydointhe;

    nsiderablylessthanoenthsu

    succeedinpretendingthattheyaregentlenasaresult;youhaveatleastthe

    selanentthatselanceishhavingthatis

    chinashouldhavedonelongago;andthatsesadvicethousandyears

    ago;beforeheadetoquaffpoison

    chapterseven

    literarylife

    iadistinction

    thechinesekeadistinctionbeteraturethatinstructsandliteraturethat

    pleases;orliteraturethatis”thevehicleoftruth”andliteraturethatis”theexpression

    ofetionthedistinerisobjectiveandexpository;

    erisofgreater

    valuethanthelatter;beindsandupliftssocietys

    ralsfrohispointofvieasas”littlearts;

    unhytoenterthehallofgreatliterature”theonlyexceptionispoetry;h

    theynotonlydonotdespisebutoreintensivelyandgenerally

    thanintheatteroffareadnovelsanddrasonthesly;

    andtheofficialesonlyofbenevolenceandrighteousnessinhisessayswill

    befound;inprivatenversations;tobequitefaliarhtheheroesandheroinesof

    ;thepoographiovelparexcellence;orofpinhua

    paoosexualnovel

    thereasonforthisisnotfartoseekthe”literaturethatinstructs35isonthewholeof

    suchlooralplatitudesandnaivereasoning;andthe

    speofideasissoheedinbythefearofheresy;thattheonlychineseliterature

    thatisreadableisliteratureintheasand

    poetry;ie;literatureoftheiginationratherthanliteratureofideasscholarswho

    istsenknoo

    handleasickleeaboutagriculture;andpoliticiansengineerse

    about”aplanforhuanghonservancy”anextrelypopulartopic;

    inthesphereofideasthescholarsuing

    sorsaultsinthenfucianschoolandlookingforheurtsofthe

    nfudenounreadevendaredto

    playtantishandtheir

    vegetarianisalfheartedthefearofheresyhungovertheirheadsliketheswordof

    daeanthefearoforiginalityliterature

    aneityhtheclassicaltraditionofideas

    the”freeplayofthend”elylitedinspe;andthe”sorsaultsin

    thenfucianschool;”hoightbe;ersaults

    hinthenfucianprecincts

    afterall;anationofscholarsuldnotdiscussbenevolenceandrighteousnessfortwo

    thousandfivehundredyearsselvesactually;anessayh

    perialexanations;oplain

    english;aggerenglishreadersbyitspuerilityandchildishnessthegigantic

    literaryfeatproducedbythegiganticbrainpopressionofthe

    anticsofafleacircusaeruldthereforebeoriginalonlyinthesphereofnovels

    anddras;fortablyoneself;andaginationuldbe

    creative

    asatteroffact;allliteraturethatisans

    soul;islyricalinoriginthisistrueevenintheliteratureofideas:onlyideasthat

    estraightfroansheartadethispointclearas

    farbackas1795inhisnjecturesenoriginalpositionchinshengtan;a

    distinguishedcritiftheseventeenthcentury;saidrepeatedlyinhisletters:”is

    poetrybutavoiceoftheheartitcanbefoundinensandchildrenshearts;and

    itestoyoubyingandbynight”theoriginofliteratureisreallyassile

    asthat;inspiteofalltherhetoricalandpositionaltechniquethatprofessorsoi

    literaturetrytoencuerithchinshengtanalsosays;”theancientpeoplewere

    notpelledtosayanything;bu1theysuddenlysaidsothingpurelyoftheirown

    aetisofevents;andsotisoftheirownfeelings;and

    havingfinishedtheyhadtosay;theytookleaveand
………………………………

第71节

    departed”thedifference

    betereesayitbeautifullyandothersdo

    not;andtheyorebeautifullythanotherssurvive

    thelyriakesitpossibleforustoregardliteratureasa

    refleanssoul;andtoregardanationsliteratureastherefleans

    spiritinthatnationforiflifeybeparedtoalargecity;ansay

    beregardedasthehecityinreadinga

    nshisgarretainaviewof

    lifeastheountainpeaksliningthehorizon;

    andthealleye;butthatgarretviewof

    thecityisindividualisticandpeculiarlyhisoionsliteraturewe

    arethereforebuttryingtogetagliseoflifeasthebestndsofthatnationseeit

    andastheyexpressitthroughtheiroediu

    iilanguageandthought

    theaediuorthechineselanguage;haslargely

    deteedthepeentofchineseliteraturebyparisonhthe

    europeanlanguagesitispossibletotracehouchofthepeculiaritiesofchinese

    thoughtandliteratureareduesilytotheirpossessionofasocallednosyllabic

    languagethefactthatthechinesespokeinsyllableslikechingychong》changwas

    appallinginnsequendeteedthecharacterofthe

    chineseing;andthecharacterofthechineseingbroughtaboutthentinuity

    oftheliteraryheritageandthereforeeveninfluencedthenservatisfchinese

    thoughtitentofaliterarylanguagequite

    distinadeleaingdifficultand

    neiteddirectly

    influenentofcertainpeculiaritiesofchineseliterarystyle

    everynationhasdevelopedaostsuitabletoitslanguageeuropedidnot

    developaingonpictorialprinciplesbecausethephoicstructureof

    indogeicparativeprofusionofnsonantsand

    infinitelyvariablebinations;requiredananalyticalphabet;andakethe

    representationofthese

    ofideographsuldbeusedalone;andithecaseofchinese;

    neentthepictorialprinciplebythephoicprinciplebeforeit

    uldhaveanyiortantdevelopnttheseelentarypictographshenused

    inbinationspurelyfortheirphoicvalue;andactuallynienthsoftheover

    fortythousandcharactersinchinesedictionariesarebuiltontheprincipleofphoic

    bination;haboutthirteenhundredideographsasphoicsignsha

    nosyllabiclanguage;suchasthechinese;fourhundred

    syllabicbinationsnotuntingthetoneslikeching9chong;chang;thisuld

    sufficebutaniclanguagetheinventionofanebolfor

    everynebinationlikeschlachtandkraftingeor

    scratched;scraped;splashandscalpelinenglishpossible

    taskthechineselanguagefailedtodevelopaphoicscriptintheesense

    bebolsuldsufficehadthechinese

    beenspeatdngalanguageanschlachtandkraftorthe

    englishscratchedandscalpel;theyy;inventeda

    phoicscriptlonga
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