《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第29部分


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    essays;
………………………………

第77节

    sketonialings;official

    randu;andsostproscuousvarietyoftopics;

    historiostallsuch

    eeringthe

    factthatnyoftheseauthorshaveelsetennsecutivetreatisesonspecial

    topics;thisproscuityisperhapspardonableagainstsuchkindnsiderations;

    hooftheliterary

    aanyauthors;andtheonlyliteraryaost;andthattheyrepresent

    tothechinese”literature”parexcellenceachineseschoolboy;incultivatingaprose

    style;isdetorepeataseleodels

    furthesiderthefaendousliterary

    aendousnuerofsendously

    literaryinent

    perhapsodestandardan

    elentisalanjoysandsorrohesehere

    enaybeinterestedin

    butbeingde;odestandardwhenonereads

    kueiyukuangsbiographiother;ost

    eandleaderofaliteraryvent;andreersthatthisisthehighestprodueofdevotiontoleaing;andthendisversinitonlya

    purelylinguisticcraftsnshipinitatingtheancients;laidoverapaucityof

    ent;onehasarighttobe

    disappointed

    goodprosethereisinchineseclassicalliterature;butoneofinditfor

    oneself;haneandardofvaluationherforliberationofthoughtand

    sentintorforliberationofstyle;oneongaclassofslightly

    unorthodox;uch

    intellectualntentthattheysthavehadanaturalntetforthecarcassofstyle

    suchei;liliweng;

    kungtingan;allofellectualrebels;andingsher

    bannedorgreatlydepreeoranothertheyhadthat

    personalstyleofingorofthoughthodoxscholarsregardedasfriendlyto

    radiorality

    viliteratureandpolitics

    itisnaturalthatthebondageoflanguagehasbroughthitthebondageofthought

    theliterarylanguagehatituldnotexpressanexactthoughtit

    alidstsuchgeneralities;ha

    totallackofdisciplineinlogicalreasoning;chinesescholarsoftendisplayedan

    extreentthisdisparitybethoughtandliterature

    broughtaboutasituationhoughtandliteraturewereregardedashavingno

    relationhoneanother

    thisbringsustotherelationbeteratureandpoliticsinordertounderstand

    chinesepolitics;oneshouldunderstandchineseliteratureperhapsoneshouldhere

    avoidtheeraturetreshis

    eaveritableniainthenationthisis

    ents;rcial

    nents;thefirstthoughtishow

    toketheicesounding;hobeautifullyandthefirstthoughtofa

    neentsreadnients

    alstalostalbeautifullyapalpablelieis

    praisedifitistoldingoodfor

    thishasledtoatypeofbelleslettress

    extrelysillythusinaparativelyrecentstatentbyaniortantpolitical

    partyesouationalsovereigntyandinvadesourterritory;

    outhepeaceofthe

    ined;ost;ustunite

    together”adepubliesticpoliticalsituationofthe

    ntandaredetailedacuntoftheeansbyheyaregoing

    to”driveout”theinvadersand”stop9thebreakersofinteationalpeacethis

    literarylpraeses;asrcial

    advertisentforsilkstoofalongfivehundredwordessay;

    beginninganchurianprovinceshavebeenlost”

    thatdoesnotan;hoplendedtheir

    literatureisfullofgeneralities;butitisnotsileratheronthentrary;frohis

    hedgingabouttheprobleandthesevaguegeneralitiesofexpression;therehas

    developed;strangetosay;theutstfinesseofexpressionthechinese;versedin

    thisliterarytraining;haveleaedtoreadbethelines;anditistheforeigners3

    inabilitytoreadbetissingthe

    ”aningbeyondthehatcausestheforeign

    rrespondentstoselvesfortheirinabilitytokeheador

    tailofsuchcleverlylesspublicstatents

    fortheincingwordslargelydue;aswehaveseen;

    tothenosyllabiccharacteroftheliterarylanguage梐ndis

    ihevictoryinapoliticalorlegal

    strugglechinesecivilof

    exsthepublicassiduouslyreadthisexchangeofabusivenessor

    ofpoliterecrinationsorevenbrazenfacedlies;anddecideter

    literarystyle;inousclo
………………………………

第78节

    udishangingoverthe

    horizonthisiscalledinchinese”firstpoliteness;andtheny

    abouttorevoltenth”rruption”and”sellingthe

    untrytoitsene;”entreadroitlychargesthe

    rebellingpartyto”operateforpeace”and”fortheunityofthenation;””because

    iesvenearer

    andnearertheclashinglineanddigdeeperanddeepertrenchesthepartythatfindsa

    bettersoundingpretextheeyesofthepublicthedeadlanguagetherefore

    beissiblesolongasyoucallitbythe

    e

    soinstancesofthechineseliteraryfinessearethefolloial

    goventearkedonapoli;itfoundanextrely

    cleverplybanningintaxing;”andthedisveryofthat

    sloganalonecarriedthepolicythroughasnoothersloganpossiblyuldhe

    entreveditscapitalfroankingtoloyangfollohe

    shanghairesistance”inszechuen

    sooftheerstoplantopiuandhadthecleveessto

    erstoplant

    opiurecently;thesaprovincehasproducedaneaxcalled”goodax;”ie;

    anextrataxontopofthoseestheregularfarax;obringaboutgoodhepeopleandthesoldiersbypayingthesoldiers

    andkingitunneyfurthertohelptheelvesthatiswhy;

    ongourselves;theforeigndevilsfortheir

    ”silendedness”

    suchliterarycatastrophesarepossibleonlyinanationbelievinginafalseliterary

    standard;andareinfactrelytheresultoftheethodofteaching

    positioninprirysodeanceofsucha

    literaryatrocity;canonlydoeitherofthingsfirst;hecantakethetraditional

    vieeratureandblandlyregarditaspurebelleslettres;hneedhaveno

    rrelationhthefactsheingissupposedtonvey梐ndthenread

    betustdendaationbetweenwordsand

    thoughtandaneorecapableofexpressing

    nslifeandthoughtsinotherustregardtheprevalenceofsuch

    verbosestatentsasalpracticereofaliterarythanofapoliticaloriginbuthe

    stalsobelievethatunlesssuchliterarylpracticesare;political

    lpracticesstalsofollow

    viiliteraryrevolution

    aliteraryrevolutionein1917;led

    bydrhushihandchentuhsiu;advocatingtheuseofthespokenlanguageasthe

    literarydiuthereherrevolutionsbeforethishanyuinthetang

    dynastyhadrevoltedagainsttheeuphuisticstyleofthefifthandsixthcenturies;and

    advoplestyle;bringingitbacktoasanerliterarystandardand

    givingusarereadableprosebutitotheearlyliteratureofthe

    ghoudynastythisitate

    theancients;anditeasyafterhanyii;literaryfashionsfluctuatedbetween

    itatingtheghouperiodandthechinhanperiod;andself

    bee;atdifferenttis;a

    greatperioditselfforitationthesungpeopleitatedthetangs;andthe

    ngandchingitatedthetangsandsungs

    literaryfashionsbeitations

    onlyaslateastheendofthesixteenthcenturydidthereriseanhat

    ”depeopleshouldodelanguage;”shohroughoutasound

    historicalperspectivethisogetherhhisthersyuan

    daredtoinrporateerurseandevenslangwordsinhisprose;

    andforatiheobtainedgreatliteraryvogue;haschooloffollowersknownas

    thekunganseofyiiansdistrictitoo;who

    advoalandstylistiventionsitwas

    heyour”yourpenitedapersonal;

    individualisticstyle;believingthatliteraturetheexpressionofones

    personality;hsingling;berepressed

    buttheuseofnplaceandslangheorthodox

    urtcritics;andthisauthorreceivednothingexceptepithetslike”frivolity;”

    ”inelegance;””unorthodoxy;”inallhistoriesofliteratureonlyaslateas1934was

    thisfounderofthepersonalstyleofpartialortotaloblivion

    yuanalsoneverhadtheurage;ortheinsight;toadvocatetheuseofpekhua;orthe

    veaculartongue;iningithertheersofpopulaovelswhohad

    givenupallaitiontoliteraryfaandoeinthepehkuato

    ketheiovelsintelligibletothepublicthatlaidthetruefoundationofliteraturein

    thelivingtonguensequently;ediu

    hehad;asherepeatedlyinsisted;thegroundfor

    nearlyathousandyearsbythesenovelists;andpeopleediuad

    readyfirsthenceitspleteoveringsuccessinthe

    spaceofthreeorfouryears

    tportantchangesfolloheliteraryrevolutionfirst;thecultivationofthe

    personal;faliarstyleofing;representedbythechoubrothers;ghoutsojenand

    ghoushujen”lusin”;itisnotehythatghoutsojenlyinfluencedby

    theschoolofyuanghunglangthesendchangehesocalled

    ”europeanizationofchinese”insyntaxaser

    asitisinevitableinthelattertheintroductionofsisonlynatural;for

    oldteraxenotadequatetorepresentdec
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第79节

    onceptsitbeganhliang

    chichaointheeighteenniies;butlyaggravatedoracceleratedafter1917

    aniaforaywellbe

    regardedasanaggravation;butthestyleintroducedissoforeigntothechinese

    languagethatitcannotlastthissituationisespeciallybadintranslationsofforeign

    erousastheyareunintelligibletotheaveragechinese

    reader

    actually;suchatrocitiesareperpetratedbytranslatorsfoootherreasonthantheir

    insufficientsteryoftheforeignlanguage;totranslatewordby

    edeparishas

    actuallybeentranslatedas”parisianaginealsothegrotesquenessof

    translatinglongenglishrelativeclausesfolloheirantecedentsintochinese;

    htherelativeclausesexistinchinesechangedintoalongstringof

    difiersextendingoverseverallinesbeforeiningtotheodify

    ents;liketheintroductionoftheloose

    nstructionainclause

    shantgo;ifitrains;itisnoakestheprosesochre

    suppleandflexible

    erivalanynationallanguage

    inpoodeenglishproseisdistinguishedbyahealthy

    xtureofnelyenglishlanguage;and

    oreexaeaning;takenfroheronic

    heritageatenlanguagehnsiderssuchexpressionsas”anosefor

    nehebhedriftoflanguage;””ridingonthetideof

    success”and”lloydgeorgesflirtationshthenservativeparty”asgood;

    standardenglishstreinavirileliterarydiuafalseliterarystandardh

    the;tide;etc;andenforcessubstituteslike

    appreulations;tendenent;statoncelosethis

    virilitythetponents;ncreteandabstractingreatrichnessin

    thechineselanguageitsbasicstructureisncretethroughout;likethe

    anglosaxonheliteraryheritageoftheclassicalliteraturehasleftbehind

    avoeaning;othe

    ronithextureofthesetentsinthe

    handsofatrueliterarycraftsnthereergeaproseofthegreatestpower

    andbeauty

    viiipoetry

    itseefairtosaythatpoetryhasenteredreintothefabrifourlifethanithas

    intheandisnotregardedusedindifferencesquite

    generalinaentioned;allchinesescholarsare

    poets;orpretendtobe;andfiftypercentofthententsofascholarsllectedworks

    usuallynsistsofpoetrythechineseierialexanations;eversincethetang

    period;havealpositionofpoeangtheiortanttestsof

    literaryabilityevenparentsetis

    thetalentedgirlstheelves;oftensonthestrengthofafew

    linesofreallygoodpoetryorreceivedextra

    urtesybytheirabilitytoenin

    poplishntandthesurest

    andeasiestansliteraryskillreover;chinesepaintingisclosely

    nnectedhchinesepoetry;beingakintoit;ifnotessentiallyidenticalhit;in

    spiritandtechnique

    tond;poetryhastakenoverthefunctionofreligioninchina;insofaras

    religionistakentoanaanssoul;afeelingforthesteryand

    beautyoftheuniverse;andafeelingoftendeessandpassionforones

    felloblecreaturesoflifereligioncannotbe;andshouldnotbe;

    anythingexotionthechinesehavenotfoundthis

    inspirationorlivingetionintheirreligions;arerelyderative

    patchesandfrillsveringtheseasideoflife;havinglargelytodohsickness

    anddeathbuttheyhavefoundthisinspirationandlivingetioninpoetry

    poetryhastaughtthechineseaviehroughtheinfluenceofproverbs

    andseatedintosocietyingeneralandgiventhesenseof

    passion;anoverfloure;andanattitudeofartisticacceptance
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