stheartlessofallarethehepalacewalls；
evennoilegreen；luridresplendourtheylie
thesilelongindhis
nteorariesofthepastgloriesofostgloriousdays；andthe
ntionofthe”heartlessanvicissitudesand
naturesserenitybythesatechnique；poghtiyi772846expressedhissadness
overthepastgloriesoftangnghuangandyangkerelydrawinga
piberidsgossipinginadesertedpalace；
houtofursegoingintothedetailsoftheirdisurse：
hereetyistheuntrypalace；etylikeadreainlonelinessandquietthered
ierialflosoberidsarechatting
e
inthesathedecayoftheblackgohonce
eofthegreatilies：
noheredsparroing；
andontheblackgoheevningsunisglowing；
andtheshewangandhsiehhalls；
nonpeopleshos梬ithouttheirknowing
thelastandstiortantpointistheinvestntofnaturalobjectsan
aotions；notbydirectpersonificationbutbycunning
taphors；like”idleflohesadhechafingsparrocthe
taphorsintheelvesarenothing：thepoetrynsistsinthepoetspreadinghis
etionoverthesotiontoliveand
sharehisople；he
threelelonggayandgreenoas”heartless”becausetheydid
not；astheyoughtto；reerchenhouchuandsharethepoetsfeelingofpoignant
regret
onceallsecluded
hillside；hjustasinglettage；halldoorsclosedandasolitarypeachtreein
fullblossotandingidlyinfront；apparentlyingitsfragrantgloryonadeserted
valleyistillreerthelasttyfriendsketchedin
hisnotebook：
thefarrupletothefieldshavegone；
anddeadboredaretheflosideitsdoors
isachieved；then；isapoeticfeelingforthepeachtree；supposedtobecapable
ofbeing”bored”todeath；thesatechnique；orrather
attitude；isextrelyninallgoodchinesepoetryso；forinstance；didlipo
beginoneofhisbestpoe：
lateattipassedtheverdanthills；
andtheuntainonfolloeho
or；inoneofhisbestknos；drinkingaloneunderthe
on；
apotofidsttheflowers
aloneidrinksanspany
theoniinviteasdrinkingfriend；
andyshadohree
theon；isee；shedoesnotdrink；
shadoe：
illkeeptheanyawhile；
forspringsthetiforgayety
ising：theonsheswingsherhead；
idance：shadoays
togetherwhileawake；
nways
aeal；speechlesstriothen；
tillinthecloudseetagain
thisisrethanataphor：itisapoeticfaithofunionh
nature；akeslifeitselfpulsateanetions
theexpressionofthispantheisrfellohnatureisbestillustratedintu
fusquatrainsonsundryods；shoanizingofnature；a
tenderfeelingforitsshaps；asheerdelightinitsntact；andfinallyaplete
unionhitsogoesthefirststanza：
iseethetravellersunwakingsorrow
thevagabondspringseinaclattertooprofuselyricharetheflowers；
toogarruloustheparrotschatter
theter”hereindirectlyinvestthespring
andtheparrotsanqualitythenhelodgesaplaintagainstthebrutal
night；hepeachandpeartreesinbisyard：
handplantedpeartreesarenotorphans
theoldnsloheirhouse
butthespring；
lastnightitbrokesooftheirboughs
thistenderfeelingforthetreesisrepeatedinthelaststanza：
enderisthedoor
likeafifteenyearoldidens
hatithappened；
theslongestbough；itsbest
oncere；theheoasabandonee；
andthepeasontheer
ghtcanythereregardedasenoffickle
………………………………
第83节
characterinthefifthstanza：
ideeplyruethepassingofspring；
andonacaneipacethescentedisle
beforetheheonwillows；
andontheile
thispantheistiutlooksotislosesitselfinasheerdelightinntacth
sandflyinginsectsasinthethirdstanzabutaytakeanexalefro
sungpoet；yehli；eonasceneinlatespring：
pairbypair；littleshebookshelveshopdotbydot；littlepetalsontheinkslabdrop
readingthebookofchangesisitnearawindow；
forgetfulhouchlongerspringhusstop
thissubjectivityofoutlook；upledhaninfinitelytenderfeelingforthebirdsand
anils；enablestufutospeakofthe”clenchingfists”ofeegretsrestingonthe
sandbank；andofthe”strikingfins”ofjuingfishnearhisboatandherewesee
thestinterestingpointinchinesepoetry梩heeinfuhlungtheuseoftheword
”fists”fortheegrets3claerelyaliterarytaphor；forthepoethasso
identifiedhielfthatheprobablyfeelstheclenchinghielfandwishes
hisreaderstosharethisetionalinsighthereseethescientists
nuteobservationofdetails；butratherthepoetskeennessesfroove；
assharpasaloverseyes；andasunfailingandrrectasathersintuitionthis
einfuhlung；thissharingofhunetionshtheuniverse；thispoetic
transfortionofdeadobjeount”onesdoorstepandthe
lourofgrass”enter”oneshispoeticillusion；forillusionitis；isfelt
sointuitivelyandsonstantlythatitseetonstitutetheveryessenceofchinese
poetryananalogyanst
beindeedreorlessintoxicatedhnaturetoethefollohen
ngoaboutthelotusfloiveofheine：
lightlydipshergreenbon；
herhasblown；
redandnakedsheshowsherself；
whensheissureofbeingalone
thisrevieentof
scenerychingandetionching；enablesustounderstandthespiritofchinese
poetryanditsculturalvaluetothenationthisculturalvalueistwofold；
rrespondingtothebroadclassificationofchinesepoetryintothetypes：i
haofangpoetry；orpoetryofrontient；carefree；giventoalifeof
etion；andexpressingarevoltagainsttherestraintsofsocietyandteachinga
profoundloveofnature；and2ry；orpoetryofartisticrestraint；tender；
resigned；sadandyetentandtheloveof
onesfellohepooranddorodden；andinculcatingahatredof
war
angthefirsttypeybeclassifiedghuyuan343290bc；thepastoralpoets
liketaoyuanng；hsiehlyiin；enghaojan68940；thecrazy
nkhanshanaroundtheyear900；u803852；po
chuyi；yuanchen779831andthegreatestpoetessofchina；lichingchao
10811141nostrictclassificationis；ofurse；possible；butthereentalpoets；likeliholichangchi；790816；lishangyin
813858andhisnteoraryiogyun；chenhouchurulerofchen；
553604andnalanhsingtehanchu；16551685；stdistinguishedfortheir
lovelyrics
thefirsttypeisbestrepresentedbylipo；oftufusays：
s；
hesleepsinaninnofchangancity
theeerorsentforhindhednotve；
saying；”ihegodofajesty”
lipoischinasprinceofvagabondpoets；；his
panionshipoon；hisloveofhighuntainscenery；andhisnstant
aspiration：
oh；uldibutholdacelestialsword
andstabaheseas
liposronticisndedfinallyinhisdeathfroeachingfortheshadohe
onintheerinadrunkenfitandfallingoverboardgood；infinitelygood；that
thestaidandapparentlyunfeelingesreachfortheshadowof
theonanddiesuchapoeticdeath
isthatthechinesehadthisloveofnatureitutedthepoetryoftheir
existence；andthefullnessoftheirheartsintoliteratureit
taughtthechineseareong
thenfolkofotheationsihaveseenachinesecroexcitedatthesight
ofabirdinaouredagain；dethebr 》
shareanfeelingofgayirresponsibilityandbrokedohebarriersof
hostilityangstrangers；asonlyanobjeondelightuldtheworshipof
thepastorallifehaslouredtheure；andtodayofficialsor
s”asthestelegant；thestrefinedand
stsophisticatedaitioninlifetheycanthinkofthevogueissogreatthateven
thedeepestdyedsundrelofapoliticiahingofli
posronticisnhisnatureactuallyisuspectevenheiscapableofsuchfeelings；
becauseafterallheisachineseasachinese；heknouchlifeish；and
atdnight；gazingthroughhisthestars；thelinesheleaedatchildhood
eba：
ihroughthewholelivelongday
hearingspringdsoonbegone；ihurriedonboourtyardichattedonk；
andsoleisurelypassedonerehalfdayaway
tohiitisaprayer
thesendtypeisbestrepresentedbytufu；hhisquiet
huur；hisrestraint；histendeesstohepoorand
oppressed；andhisunncealedhatredofwar
is；too；thatthechinesehavepoetsliketufuand
pochiiyi；rayoursorroyandbegetinus
asenseofpassionfokindtufulivedintisof
politiinelikeour
oe：
atsandansions；
andhunbonesarerottingoutsidetheirdoors；
asilaoteulberryidenby
hsiehfangteh：
hchinthedeadofthenight
………………………………
第84节
；
thenirose；lestthes；shortofleaves；hungerght
esyetthroughh
theirdance
thepaleonshohroughheir
notethepeculiarlychineseending；easocialistic
thought；thepoetntentshielfisa
littletoorebelliousfortheaveragechinesepoetrytheusualnoteisoneofsadness
andresignation；asinsonyoftufuspoe；describingtheharassingeffectsof
ple：
icatoshihhaovillageandstayedthateve
abailiffcaforpressganginthenight
theoldn；hearingthis；cliedoerthewall；
andtheoldansahebailiffatthedoor
oh；hebailiffsvoicesoterrible；
andansplaintsosoftandlow
”ihavethreesonsallattheniehchengpost
andonejustetosay
theotherthebattledied
letthosetheycan；
forthoseore
nohehousetheresonlygrandsonleft；
forhiistherstillreins梬ithout
adecentpattiattogoabout
althoughstrengthisebbingweakandlow；
illgohyou；bailiff；inthefronttoserve
foriy；and
torroarchandhurrytothehoyangfront”
桽ospakethean；andinthenight；thevoice
becasoloper
andintheingyshe；
aloneshesaidgoodbyetoheroldn
thatischaracteristiftheartofrestraintandthefeelingofsadnessinchinese
poetryitgivesapicture；expressesasentint；andleavestheresttothereaders
igination
ixdra
theeanpositionbeteratureandthat
bodyofliteratureeanbythetealy；
literatureoftheiginationthelatter；includingthedrasandnovels；ten
inthepehkuaorveacularlanguage；andnsequentlyriddenh
classicalstandards；andnstantlygrethatfreedobecause
chinesedraticpositionhappenedtobelargelypoetry；itedas
literatureonahigherlevelthanthenovels；andalstonaparhthetanglyrics
scholarsedtobeknoatichaning
novelsontheasousorsubjectto
debateliketheauthorshipofnovels
frooaginativeliteraturenstantlygrewin
beautyandiortanodetisonitsown
rits；andexertedaninfluenceoverthepeopleasnoclassicalliteratureever
succeededindoing
thishybridaacuntsforitspeculiarpositionand
alsoforitsgreatpopularinfluencethechinesedraisabinationofdialogues
inthespokenlanguage；heelligibletothepopulace；and
songsenpartakeofahighpoeticqualityitsnatureistherefore
entirelydifferentfrohatofthenventionalenglishplaythesongseinat
shortintervalsandarereinpronencethanthespokenpartsasisnatural；the
ianlovesandsorrooreoftenburstoutintosongsactually；thetheatreisattended；frohe
pointofvieoreforitssingingthanforitsactingone
speaksofgoingto”listentoaplay；ratherthanto”see”itit；therefore；
thatthetranslationofthechinesea”issleading；anditwouldbe
repropertospeakofitaschinese”opera”
onlybyunderstandingtheofoperasothe
people；asposition；betrulyunderstoodforthe
appealofthedra梕speodeenglishdra梚slargelyanappealto
theunderstanding；akesabinedappealtothesensesoflour；
voiotionthediufthedraisthespokenlanguage；but
thatoftheoperaissicandthesong；atheatregoertendsaplayexpectsto
follobyitsnflictsofcharacteranditssurprisesand
noveltyofaction；andanoperagoerispreparedtospendaneveningduringhhis
intellebedandhissensessoothedbysicandlourand
song
thisaostdratiancesarenothattendinga