《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第32部分


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    song

    thisaostdratiancesarenothattendinga

    sendti;althoughpeoplegotothesaoperasforthefiftiethtihoutlosing

    theedgeoftheirkeenenjoyntthusitishthechinesetheatrethesocalled

    chinghsi”pekingplays”hasageneralrepertoireoflessthanahundredpiecesh

    areplayedoverandoveragainhoutlosingtheirpopularityandthepeople

    applaudbyshouting”hao”invariablyattheariasostintenseor

    intria;andacting

    isrelyanaainsonessentially

    thesalevelasthatofadonnas

    thechineseoperagoer;therefore;appraisesthechineseactorunderthetwo

    categoriesofhis”singing”ckang}andhis”acting”chuobutthissocalled

    ”acting”isoftenpurelytechnicalandnsistsofcertainnventionalwaysof

    expressingetions梚nthe;istoustheshockinglyinartisticheavingand

    sadonnaschest;andintheeast;istooccidentalsthe

    ludicrous

    andbeautyandagoodvoiofactingisalosatisfythe

    audiencebutaybebeautifulandeveryposea

    perfeeilanfangby

    aricansisessentiallyrrect;althoughhouchofhissingingis

    apprearvelsathisbeautifulposesand

    gestures;hisgraceful;slongblackeyeb
………………………………

第85节

    roininegait;his

    flirtatioussideglancesandtheefake

    sexappealhthechineseaudienceandisatthe

    baendouspopularityinchinaanartist;this

    appealisuniversal;foritspeaksthelanguageofgestures;eationalas

    siodesenseoftheayappropriatelyleatheaba

    shearerorruthghattertonoberidingon

    horsebackorpaddlingaboat;hisactingisneitherbetteorworse

    thanthatoffiveyearolddaughterboo

    stickbethighs

    ifas;hatthe

    plot;assiestcharacter;thedialogue

    uniortant;ances;

    veryoftenpopularseletheoperas;ratherthantheentireplays;aregiven;

    inthesannerthatoperaticselectionsarerenderedinusicalnceits

    theaudienceknohestoriesbyheart;andthecharactersareregnizedbytheir

    nventionalsksandstusratherthanbythententsofthedialoguethefirst

    yiiandras;asinextantasters;nsisted;hafew

    exceptions;offouractsthesongsineachactoadefinitesetoftunesina

    usianyexisting

    piestheyareleftout;hedialoguepartwaslargely

    spokenexteore

    inthesoas”thesongsineachacteperson;

    althoughnyaitation

    probablyduetothesas”the

    litationsofdratictechniqueuchlessrigid;thereore

    freedoandfrohesedrasing

    dynastyberofactsrrespondinginlengthtothe

    ”sesuldbe

    usedinsongsofthesaact;severalsingersuldsinginalteationorinunisonin

    thesaact;andthetunestheelvesthoseusedinthenorthe

    dras;beingofthetypeodulationsoversinglesyllables

    ofsuchdras;theberhsihsiangandautuinthehanpalace

    hankungperialncubineghaoghiin;

    ybetakenasrepresentativeofthenorthedras;oonpavilion

    paiyuehfingandtheronaybetakenas

    representativeofthesouthedrastheber;althoughnsistingof

    taticsequenceoffiveplays;hfour

    actsineach

    thereisonedifferencebeteoperahethe

    operaistheprivilegeoftheclasses;veryoftenattendedforitssocialglitterandoutof

    an”operaplex”ratherthanforrealsicalappreciation;sofarastheoccupants

    ofthe”goldenhorseshoe95arenentalfoodof

    thepoordeeperthananyotherliteraryart;theoperashavegonedoothehearts

    ofthepeopleigineapeopleassesknointhestreetsandatall

    oddnts;andyouhaveapictureoftherelationbethe

    aniainchina;unknoi

    or”operania;”andoneyoftenseeaniafthelohdishevelled

    hairandcladintatters;singingtheairsofkungckengchiandactingthepartofthe

    greatchukolianginthestreetsofoldpeking

    foreignvisitorsatchinesetheatresareoftenstruckbytheexcruciatingnoise

    enatingfrohegongsanddruinlitaryplaysandtheequallynerveracking

    falsettooflesingers;this

    st;onthestobe

    unterevidencedbytheapparentfortericanstoleratesqueaks

    frohesaxophoneandothersounddnessfrohejazzbandany

    chinesegentlensnervesonenditispossiblyallaquestionofadaptationbutthe

    originofthedruandgongsandthefalsettocanonlybeunderstoodinthelightof

    chinesetheatresurroundings

    thechinesetheatreofthebettertypeinayardliketheelizabethantheatre

    instcases;hoporaryhigh

    abovethegroundiatheopen;orsotisrightacrossathoroughfare;tobetaken

    dodiatelyaftertheoccasionthetheatrehereforeintheopenandthe

    actorshadtopetehthepeddlerscries;thebarberstuningforks;the

    ltsugarsellerssllgongs;theshoutingofn;enandchildrenandthe

    barkingofdogsabovesuchadin;onlyathinfalsettokeyedinahighpitchuld

    havebeenheard;asanybodyyverifyforhielfthegongsanddruwerealso

    usedasaansofattractingattention;theyalheplaysanduldbe

    heardaleaovieswhen

    stagedinadetheatrebuilding;thevoluofnoisethusproducedistrulyterrific;

    butsohoselvestoit;asthearicanshave

    adaptedtheelvestojazztheynoiseandtheylifetogeta”kick”outof

    ittiedand

    ”civilized”odetheatrebuildings

    fropurelyliterarypointofvieaticainatypeofpoetry

    yfireliefthat;

    lovelyasthetangpoetryis;asandtheodddraticsongs

    hsiaotiao}tofindsoofovesre

    orlessalongcertaintraditio
………………………………

第86节

    nalpattesofthoughtandstyleithasacultivated;

    superrefinedtechnique;butitlacksgrandeurandpohefeelingone

    getsontuingfrosandchinesedrasare

    essentiallyregarded;ashasbeenpointedout;asallesisliketuing

    fronexquisitepluranuchsuperiorin

    freshness;richnessandvariety

    chineselyricsaredainty;butneverlongandneververypoheirvery

    terseness;narrativeanddescriptivepassagesarenecessarilylitedincharacterin

    thedrasthespeandstyleofpoetryaredifferentwordsareusedhwould

    havebeensffedatbytheurtcriticsasvulgarigesarise;anddratic

    situationsarepresentederarypoh

    dearlyanetionsreachaheight

    unattainablebytheexquisitequatrainsoreightlinesthelanguageitself;he

    pehhua;beingfreefrohe;naturalnessand

    virilityentirelyundreadofbeforeitisalanguagetakenrathepeoples

    uths;andshapedintobeautybyselvesfreeoftheclassical

    standardsandso

    stersoftheyuandrausedatoisitablebeautyofitsown;

    odechineseorintoanyforeignlanguageit

    canonlybesuggestedinthefollowing:

    zzy;dizzy;lackadaisical;iquattingsgsglyon

    anearthendivan

    clatter;patter;theoldpopoisshakingherarsegreatbig

    grainpan

    lousy;slouchyliesthedonkeyunderthewillow;hislegs

    sprawling;

    lapping;patting;thatolieshandonthedonkeysneckis

    pawing

    oh;wakeupawhile

    oh;wakeupawhile

    tilikeabulletpastawindowisflying

    桵achihyuan:huangliangng

    atitotheexigenciesoftheoperaticairs;but

    thelineswas

    broaderandresuitabletotheveacularlanguageintenthe

    liberationoftreachievedinthesungtguoriginatinginsongsandsettotheseairs;

    alreadyprovidedforatreofirregularlengths;obeyingtherhythfthespoken

    ratherthantheetreoreencipatedinthedras

    asanapproxiteexaleofthisirregulartre;igivehereanenglishrendering

    ofpassagesintheberasterpieceofthefirstorderinchinese

    literature;hebeautyofinging;theheroine:

    beforeshespoke;shehadreddened;

    likeacherryripebroken;

    likeastatueolten;

    inant;

    shedhavespoken

    astringofnotessandgolden

    uedsideyhe

    folloanner:

    sidelining;

    herjadehairpindeclining;

    brooonreclining;

    intoherblackvelvettelesresigning

    oveditribed:

    nooveshersteps;cunning;pretty;

    hersoftlikeasoutheditty;

    sogracefullyslender;

    sohelplesslytender;

    likesbeforeazephyrgiddy

    itisinterestingtonoteherethatrhythsunderstoodinchinesedraticpoetryand

    ininusic

    thereisnoreasonentaltresofthreesshouldnotbe

    usedinsokindofregularbinationinenglishpoetrythishasbeendoneh

    greatsuoredulatedrhythbr 》

    thanthestraightuseofthreesthroughoutthelinetheideaish

    experintbysoqualifiedenglishpoets

    throughitsiensepopularitythetheatrehasachievedaplaceinthenational

    chineselifeverynearlyrrespondingtoitslogicalplaceinanidealrepublicapart

    froeausic;ithastaughtthechinesepeople;

    oveiypercentofareilliterate;aknoazing;

    crystallizing;asithefolkloreandentirehistoricalandliterarytraditioninplays

    ofonnand

    enthusanyahhasalivelieanyhistorical

    heroeslikekuanyii;liupei;tsaotsao;hsuehjenkingshanandyang

    kherintitekno

    attendingthetheatresinyssionaryeducation;andhadto

    leaitallpieyteensiknew

    joshuastruetsbleheididnotknoili

    thirtythatengchiangniicriedoverthebonesofherhusbandwhohaddied

    buildingthegreatlabour;thetorrentofhertearswashedawaya

    sectionofthegreatongthe

    illiteratechinese

    butthetheatre;besidespopularizinghistoryandsicangthepeople;hasan

    equallyiortantculturalfunctioninprovidingthepeopleoral

    notionsofgoodandevilpracticallyallthestandardizedchinesenotionsofloyal

    nistersandfilialsonsandbraveaidensand

    intriguingidservantsafereflectedinthecurrentchineseplaysrepresentedin

    theforfstoriesanaybe;

    theysinkdeepintotheirralnsintzusfilialpiety;ance;ingingspassion;yangkperedtastes;chin

    kreason;yensungsgreedandcruelty;chukoliangsstrategy;changfeis

    quickteer;andliensreligioussanctity梩heyallbeeassociatedinthe

    chinesendsetheicretenceptionsof

    goodandevilnduct

    thestoryoftheronceoftheguitarpipachiisgivenheretoshohetypeof

    ralinfluenpleof

    thekindofstory;
………………………………

第87节

    hadireesticloyalty;thathascapturedthe

    popularfanaticunityinthedesense;being

    posedoffortytsandtheactionextendingoveryears;norfordelicacyof

    iginationoutanfing;norforpoetic

    beautyberhsihsiang;norforgrandeur

    ofpassionasinthehalloflongevityckangshtien}buttheronceofthe

    guitaeverthelessholdsitsoybyitssheerappealtothebeautyof

    dosticloveandloyalty;placeinthechineseheartits

    influenceisretrulytypical

    thereesaiyung

    becausehisparentsbitionsforapoliticalcareerandwas

    ntenttostayehehadjustrriedagirl;chaowuniang;

    andtheplayopensilyfeastintheirgardeninspring

    thereperialedictcallingforliterarytalentsintheuntry;and

    thegistratehadreportedtsaisnatotheurtthisantatriptothecapital

    andlongyearsofabsence;andthereperor

    andfilialpietyand

    togo;other;nsense;opposedtsaifinallyhadto

    go;leavinghisagedparentsinthecareofhisyoungbrideandagoodfriendbythe

    naofchang

    tsaiinations;ingoutasthefirstscholaroftheland

    thentroublebeganfortheprinisteiuhadanonlydaughter;abeautifuland

    talentedgirl;helovedrethananythingelseonearthtsaio

    rriagehheragainsthisheir;hallworldlyglory

    beforehihishappinessarredbythethoughtofghaoinisters

    daughterfoundoutthetruthandplannedissiontogo

    hoandseetheirparents;butherfatherlyangeredandhearof

    it

    intheanebadtohao

    wuniangilybyherhandiea

    faneluckilythereinerelieffrohepublicgrainage;andghaoreceived

    hershareonhere;hoo

    juintoanoldhoughtofherresponsibilitytoheoldpeopleanddesistedthenshetoseechang;tsaisfriend;toborroo

    feedherparentsh;ethehusksinsecretthepassagewhereshe

    singsaboutthehusks;paringtheoherself;partedfrohericehwas

    paredtoherhusband;isbynsensusofopinionthestvingpartofthe

    ory

    soon;hoheparentsf
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