thereasteinancientchina;andisleftofitinbeautifulnlrl
papers;inoldporcelain;ingreatpaintings;andinalltheoldknickknacksnotyet
touchedbythedeinfluenceonecannotfondlethebeautifuloldbooksorseethe
scholarsletterpapersansspiritinoldchinahadan
understandingoftoneandhayandllohreedecades
agothereeenen
auve;andpedechine;andgoodred
inkpadforthesealstillhadarketnoheryhasllapsed
recentlybecauseartificialsilkissochcheaper;anditwashessowell;andgoodred
inkpad;stingthirtytarketbecauseithasgivenplace
topurpleinkforrubberstas
thisancientgenialityisbestreflectedinthechinesefaliaressay;hsiaopinwen;
heproductofthechinesespiritatplaythepleasuresofaleisurelylifeare
itsetealthesitssubjecttterverstheartofdrinkingtea;thecarvingofseals
andtheappreciationofthecutsandthequalityofthestones;thetrainingof
potflobinghistorically
fausuntains;visitingancientbeautiestos;posingpoetryunderthe
onandlookingatastoahighuntain梐llteninastyleleisurelyand
chattyandsuave;asdisaglyhospitableasafriendschatbythefiresideandas
poetiellow;likegood
oldanhappyselfandthe
universe;poorinpossessionsbutrichinsentintsanddiscrinatingintaste;
experienplehearted;abottleofetions
andyetapparentlyindifferenttoalltheoutsideentedandwisely
idle;lovingsiliateriallivingthisspiritofgenialityisbestseenin
theprefaenarebrothers;attributedtotheauthor;butreallyforgedbythegreatseventeenthcenturycritic;chinshengtanthispreface;initselfanexcellent
exaleoftheannerandtter;readslike
anessayonleisure;andtheazingthingisthatitendedbyitsauthorasa
prefacetoanovel1
1seetranslationbypearlsbuckinallnarebrothers;johnday;1933;
inchina;nknodealabouttheartofallarts;viz;theartoflivinga
youngeraybekeenonkingprogress;butanoldcivilization;having
seennaturallyagreatdealoflife;iskeenonlyonlivinginthecaseofchina;hthe
spiritofhunisakesntheanhappiness
theendofallknophasisontheartoflivingisalltherenaturalbut
evenanisanoldusthaveadifferentstandardofvalues;
foritaloneknovs”thedurablepleasuresoflife;”erelyttersofthe
senses;food;drink;house;garden;en;andfriendshipthatises
toinitsessencethatisieslikeparisandviennahefe;
goodenandbeautifulsian
intelligencestruckablindalley;and;tiredofaskingquestions;tookagainthevinefor
itsspouseinthekhayyaanneranynation;therefore;thatdoesnotknoo
eatandenjoylivinglikethechineseisunuthanduncivilizedinoureyes
intheportantsection
devotedtothepleasuresoflife;ecufthechineseartofliving;
frohehouseandgarden;interiorderations;partitions;toenstoilet;
iffures;theartofapplyingpootheartofokingand
direet;andfinallytotheherich
nandthepoo;andinallthefourseasons;thethodsofbanningworry;
regulatingsexlife;preventingandcuringillness;endingintheuniquedivisionof
diedicihatonelikesby
teerant;””diedicihatone
lovesandlongsfor5thisoreregardingdical
advicethanaedicinethisepicuredratist;forhewasa
greaticpoet;spokeofeinstancesofhisthorough
understandingoftheartoflivingaregivenhere;asshoheessentialchinese
spirit;
thuslilianstudyofdifferent
flo:
theiortantthingabouthattheirbrancheshangdoheydid
nothangdoportantthatthebranchesbelong;
forotherheycannotshethenheuseof
theirhangingdoreeisaplacehecicadaslovetorest;ashe
birdsitistothecreditofthistreethatusicintheairanddonotfeello
………………………………
第107节
nelyinsuerespeciallyisthisthecasehtallreesinshort;the
plantingoftreesisnotonlytopleasetheeye;butalsotopleasetheearashe
pleasureoftheeyeissotislitedbecausehe
otherhand;theearcantakeitspleasureallthetithestlovelynotesofthe
birdsarenotheardtingbutneveryoneknows
thatthebirdssongsshouldbeheardatdadoesnotknoheyshouldbe
heardatdathinkaboutitthebirdsarentinuallyafraidofthe
shootinggun;andaftersevenooingallthepeopleareupandthe
birdsnolongerfeelateaseoncetheyareontheirgtiardtheycanneversing
edly;andeveniftheysingtheirsongcannotbebeautifulthatiswhy
daytiisnotthepropertiforlisteningtothebirdsatdahepeoplearenot
upyet;
urallytheycanfinishtheirsongateasebesides;theirtongueshavebeen
lyingidleforthe;andarenochingtotrytheirskillnsequently;
heysingtheysinghthefullgladnessoftheirheartschuangtsea
fishanduldunderstandthehappinessofthefish;liabirdandcan
understandthehappinessofthebirdsallsingingbirdsshouldregardastheir
bosoriendtherearenypointsabouttheplantingoftrees;butthereisone
pointothecultivatedhetreeleavesaretoothick
theyshutouttheonlight;likeshuttingoffabeautyfrourvierees
enfaultifouldspend
athoughtonthispointatthetiofplantingtrees;andalloheskytobe
shoinordertooon;ould
thenreceiveitsbenefitsbothatnightandday
again;everygoodsenseinhisadviceonensdress:
theiortantthingaboutensdressisnotfinenessofterialbutneatness;not
gorgeousbeautybutelegance;notthatitagreesilystandingbutthatit
agreesentryitonin
succession;youeandnothothers;becausethe
plexionsthaizehthedressifahyladysfacedoesnotagree
plelours;andsheshouldinsistonhavingrich
pattes;yofherfacegenerally;onewhose
plexioniseandsoftandandroundo
advantageinanydresslightloursenessbutdeeplourswill
stillbettershoaterial
dressesofarseterialen
areofthistypetheaverageanstustnottakeany
kindofterial
bertheyounggirlsusedtohe
olderenusedtoauve;andlaterscarlethangedforpink;andblue
auve;andstilllatersanchuregi;both
greenandpurpledisappeared;andbothyoungandoldenchangedintoblack
thenliliontodiscussthegreatvirtueofblack;hisfavouritelour:how
itfittedallplexionsandallages;andhoongthepooritenabledtheowear
adresslongerongtherichtheyuldwear
beautifulloursundeeath;sothathehebeautifullours
agination
again;intheessayon”sleepthereisabeautifulsectionontheartoftaking
afteoonnaps:
thepleasureofanafteoonnapisdoublethatofsleepatnightthisisespeciallyto
berendedforsuer;butnotfortheotherthreeseasonsthisisnot
ber;butbecauseasuerdayisteaslongasa
ightisnotequaltohalfaanrestsonly
atnightinsuer;thatansheisspendingonequarterofhistiinrecuperating
andthreequartersinansenergylastunderthisarrangent
besides;thesuerheatisintensiveandnaturallybringsaboutfatigueitisas
naturaltogotosleepinfatigueastoeatodrinkhirstythisis
thesoundestofallhygieneaftertheddayal;heshouldailthe
foodisdigestedandthenpacenearthebedgraduallyheshouldnothavetheidea
ofbeingdeteedtosleep;forifonesleepshthatideathesleepisnotshe
shouldfirstattendtosothing;andbeforethethingisdone;adroes
overhiandthepeopleofthedreaandetobe;andhearrivesatthe
fairyplaceanold
verse:”handshrohebookaheafteoonnapislong5
osleep;andwhen
youthroais
egaofthe
artofsleeping
ankindknoankind
ytrulycallitselfcivilized
iihouseandgarden
sooftheprinciplesofchinesearchitecturehavealreadybeenexplainedinthe
discussiononthissubjectthechinesehouseandgarden;hoore
intrionyhnature
iscarriedfurther;forinthechinesenceptionthehouseandgardenarenotseparate;
butarepartsofanorganichephraseyuanchek;or
”gardenhoahouseandagardencanneverbeeanorganiennislahewordfor”garden”
heredoesnotsuggestalawnan
………………………………
第108节
dgeotricfloapatchofearthwhere
onecanplantvegetablesandfruitsandsitundfcrtheshadeoftreesthechinese
nerequiresthattheho;haryyard;andafew
datetrees;stbeabletoarrangeitselfdiouslyinspaceandgiven
diousspace;inancientchinaasinallruralcivilizations;thehouseitself
dparativelylessiortantpositioninthegeneralscheofthe
hogarden
hunuan
cannotoanisentirelyplacent
oidstofhhesucceedsindigging
afivefootpondtokeephisgoldfishandkingaundthattakeants
fivenutestocrae
thereisnorepoultryyard;noch
ebeesphysicallylikea
pigeonshousecalledan”apartnt;”binationofbuttons;sches;
cabis;rubberts;keyholes;se
therearenoattiehas
gonesofarthatsoepeopleareevenproudofthefactthattheysleepona
bedesofatheyshoarvelat
deteodespiritualhoisbrokenupbecause
thephysicalhohasdisappeared;asedoveintoa
threeroolatandthene
theaveragepoorchineseintheuntryhasrespaceofhisohananewyork
professorbuttherearechineselivingincitiesasownhuge
gardens
artnsistsindoinganfancies
toeinandbreakthenotonyofblankpedbackyardsshenfu
ddleeighteenthcentury;authorofthefoushengliuchi;outlinesinthistender
littlebook;sthebestspiritofchineseculture;hoholar
theprincipleofirregularityinchinese
arent
andsurprise;asentinthedesigningoftherichns
untryvillaasinthatofthepoorscholarsdhisix
entofthisprincipleh
thisforlaakeevenapoorscholarshouse
artistiulathathe
largeiathellandthesllinthelarge;providefortherealinthe:nrealandforthe
unrealinthereal”shenfussays:
astotheplanningofgardenpavilionsandtohouses;andinthedesigningofrockeryorthetrainingofflorees;oneshouldtrytoshow
thesllinthelargeandthelargeinthesll;andprovidefortherealintheunreal
andfortheunrealintherealonerevealsandncealsalteately;kingit
sotisapparentandsotishiddenthisisnotjust”rhythcirregularity;”
nordoesitdependonhavingaexpenditureoflabourand
terialpileupaundthegroundandderateithrocks;
xedbranchesforyourfence;andplantcreepersover
theherehouthillsinthebigopen
spaces;plantbaoosthatgrotreeshthickbranchesto
verthethisistoshoallinthelargeall;the
binationofnvexandncaveshapes;deratedhgreen;
veredthus
tofacearockyhillside;alivehrugged
beautythisistoshoallntrivesothatanapparentlyblind
alleyleadssuddenlyintoanopenspaceandthekitchenleadsthroughabackdoorinto
anunexpectedurtyardthisistoprovidefortherealintheunrealletadoorlead
intoablindurtyardandncealtheviebootreesandafew
roethingthereplaceloradesalongthe
topofaosuggestaroofgardenexistthisistoprovidefor
theunrealintherealpoorscholarshe
thodoftheboatninouativedistrictakecleverarrangentshtheir
litedspaodificationsy
s;butby
sucharrangentsthets;thekitchenandtheparlourwereallarranged
pingofspaceyiinoncesaid
laughinglyto;”thearrangentsareexquisiteenough;but;afterall;itlacksthe
atsphereofarichnshouse”itwassoindeed
letusfollohesetures;apoorchinesescholarandhis
artisticapoor
andsorrohejealousyofthegodsandafraidthattheir
happinessynotlast
onepebblesofgreatbeauty
oningbackitalkeditoverhyiin;andsaid:
”peoplexputtyhhsiianchoonesinestonebasinsbecausethelours
ofthetentsblendtheyellohishill;ho;and
althoughtheyareveryelegant;theyblendinlourhputtycanwe
do””takesooftheintosllpieces
andxthentheputtybeforeitisdry;andperhapsisdryithe
salour1soed;andusedarectangularyihsingearthen
pot;overountainpeakontheleft;ingdoions
totherightonitsback
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