standsuponahighplaceintheurtyard;onecanalreadyseethebridgeandthe
cloudsandersinthedistance;andyatnight;onecanseethe
lightsoftheneighboursoutsidethehirtystepstoyourhouse
onthesouth;andthelittlegardenontheeastbyasllcreek
soitisquiteidealsoysay;”thisisindeedveryfortable;onlytherey
beburglars”theydonotknohatburglarsarealsobutpoorpeopleiwouldopen
thedoorandinvitetheoein;anddiscussayshare
ay
eventakeahegreattopaforahundredcash
please;youngerbrother;bearthisinnd;forthisisyourstupidbrothers
provisionforspendingahappyoldageiayhaveisodesire
thisistypientinchineseliteraturethisruralidealofcheng
panuonbrotherhoodhthe
poorpeasant;esnaturaltoataoisticsoul;astheruralidealoftseng
kuofansisbasedonthedesireforthepreservationforthefaly;andclosely
nnectedilysystefortheruralidealoflifeispartofthe
so
akeslievillagetheunititybeasingtoleathattsengkuofan;the
greatgeneralandfirstnisterofhistis;inhisfalyletterstohischildrenand
nepheagainstextravaganthabitsandadvisedtheo
plantvegetables;rearpigsandnuretheiros;yetsuchadviceonfrugality
andindustrythatthefalyprosperityghtbe
prolongedifsilieforthe
nationalintegrityfortotsengkuofan;itilieswhose
childrenleaexpensivehabitsofliving;prosperonlyforagenerationorthe
rchantfaliesayprosperforthreeorfour
generations;thefaliespleand
carefulhabitsprosperforfiveorsixgenerations;ilieshe
virtuesoffilialpietyandfriendlinessprosperforeightortengenerations”
itisthereforeentirelyeasytounderstandhekeepingoffish;the
keepingofpigs;theplantingofbaoosandtheplantingofvegetables9as”thefour
thingsaythuskeepupthe
traditionofourforefathers;and;ontheotherhand;onewillfeelasenseoflifeand
groyeringour
urtevenifyoushouldhavetospendalittlereneyandhireafeore
helpers;theneyspentonthesefourthingsthesefour
things;youcanseeilyisprosperingorisgoingdown”
andsohothefalyinstructionsofyenchihtui53i59》fanchungyen
9891052;chuhsi11301300;dou16961771and
tseng
kuofan18111872;thisfalyidealofindustryandfrugalityandlivingthesile
lifepersistedandoralheritageofthenationthe
falysysteohoselfintotheruralpatteoflifeanduldnotbe
separatedfrotsiliplicity;
shunpo;ongthechineseitanknehebenefitsof
civilizationandkneanknehehappinessofthejoysof
life;butalsoeralnature;fearfulofthejealousyofthegods;
andplerbutlongerfortoenjoy
toonygoodthingsoflifeothechinese;tochehfo;ordecrease
oneslotofhappinessinthislifetherefore”oneshouldbejustascarefulinchoosing
onespleasuresasinavoidingcalaties””choosethelighterhappiness;”saida
singdynasties;andsohohere
intheanlappinessissoprecariousthattheretreattonature
andiliustbeso;andthechinesekneby
instincttheyilies;;andtheyachieveditfortheiation
vracialyouth
it;therefore;thatthechinese;asapeople;ivoidedthedangersofcivic
deteriorationbyanaturaldistrust》fitive
habitsoflifethisghtsuggestthatthesoust》e
understoodinagreatlydifiedsense;thatith
pritivistselfandquitereadytoaygoodbyetoitcertainlyita
civilizationthathadguaranteedthepeoplepeaceittentperiodsof
joodsheda
………………………………
第15节
nddisorder;orthathaddeinesindfloodsiossible
thatauntryaftertparativelydvilizedlivinguldfuish
livingterialforsuenarebrothers;an
flesh;though昦re;easurethesteryof
thisenigofsocialntinuityagainstthehavofcivilizationsungchiang;likueiandthehostofrobustrobbersonthetopofliangshanpo;althoughing
alstfifteencenturiesaftefucius;donotsuggesttousrepresentativesofan
oution;butratherhappychildrenofapeopleinthetofa
dasasiftherace;
insteadofreachingfullturityhnfucius;wasreallyenjoyingaprolonged
childhood
thisbringsustotheextrelyinterestingquestionoftheracialnstitutionofthe
chineserace:uchthe
anyrespectsstillinitsracial
youthandfarfroeaaybedebysayingthat
thechineseareculturallyoldbutraciallyyoung;atheory
angsoofthedeanthropologistsgriffithtaylor1thusclassifiesthe
anrace;acrdingto
hisgrationzoneschehavelockellisalsocharacterizestheasiaticsasbeing
raeoftheadaptability;flexibilityand
pristineallroundshunponatureofchildhoodbeforereachingspecialized
developntperhaps”aprolonged;forinfantilisbr 》
andarresteddevelopntorstagnationaresleadingter
isnceptionofonelookingatchina
froheoutside;houtknoothinkofthe
latedevelopntoftheanyforeigners
igine;frohetiofnfucius;butfroslateasthetenthcentury;andwas
thenonlysloilitreacheditsperfectionunderkanghsiand
chienlungintheseventeenthcentury;alstbeforeoureyesprogressinlacquer;
printing;andpaintingeachdynastybroughtitastepforhe
renoeintobeinguntilthelastthousand
yearsofthechinesenationallife;alateperiodforanoldcivilizationandinliterature;
oneneedsonlytothinkofthelatenessoftheproseepicandtaleofhe
shuihuallanbrothersandhsiyuchistbensideredsuch;andtheywere
ostthousandyearsafter
nfuciusandlaotsehadlivedanddied
1environntandrace;oxforduniversitypress;1927
2seetheenlighteningarticlebyvkting:”hoquiredher
posiuublishedbytheinstituteofpacific
relations;
chapterthechinesecharacter
illowness
”character”isatypicallyenglishtheenglish;feions
havelaidsuanhoodasthe
chinesethechineseseeobesopreoccupiedhitthatintheirwhole
philosophytheyhavenotbeenabletothinkofanythingelsetotallydevoidofany
extrandaneinterests;andhoutgettinginvolvedinanyreligiousclaptrap;this
idealofbuildingofcharacterhas;throughtheinfluenceoftheirliterature;thetheatre;
andproverbs;peratedtothelohaphilosophy
oflifebutheenglisher”suggestsstrength;urage;”guts;”and
lookingrelyglunntsofangerordisappointnt;thechinesewordfor
”aturenoflloperant;retaining
anequanityofndunderallcircutances;pleteunderstandingnot
onlyofhielfbutofhisfelloen
thesungphilosophyhasatrendousnfidenceinthepoacyofthe
ndoveretions;andanoverannd;throughits
understandingofoneselfandofonesfelloen;isabletoadjustitselftothest
unfavourablethegreatleaing;the
nfucianprir:hobegintheirfirstlessonat
sentofa”dear
possibleenglishexpression;butbyeant
theillunationofunderstanding;developedandcultivatedthroughknowledgea
lloannatureis;andalhe
thatunderstandingotherqualitiesarederived;
suchaspacifisntentnt;calndstrengthofenduranceinguishthe
ind;acrdingto
thegonfuentaldiscipline;
er
veryoftenthesevirtuesareattainedalsothroughthehelpofnfucianfatalisfor
ntrarytothegeneralbelief;fatalissagreatsourenta
beautifulandtalentedgirlyrebelagainstanunsuitablerriage;butifthepeculiar
eetinghherfianccannvinceherthatitisthegodswho
havedecreedthetch;shecanatonce;throughanactofunderstanding;beea
happyandntentedea”predestined
ene;”andtheieseetina
narrohthatunderstanding;theycanloveandfighteachother
furiouslyeverafter;knoethatthegodsarelookingonandcausing
thellthistrouble
ifhechineseraceandtrytopicturetheiationalcharacteristics;;weshall
probablyfindthefolloplicity;3loveof
nature;4patience;5indifference;6oldroguery;7fecundity;8industry;9
frugality;10
………………………………
第16节
loveoffalylife;upacifis12ntentnt;13huur;14
nservatisand15sensualitytheyare;ontheplegreatqualitiesthat
eofthesecharacteristicsarevicesratherthanvirtues;
andothersareneutralqualities;theyarethehestrengthofthe
uaginationofitswingsand
deprivestheraontsofblissfuldness;pacifisanbeeaviceof
aybringaboutarbidtoleran
yattisbearesynonyorslothandlaziness;andfecundityybearacial
virtuebutanindividualvice
11havenotputdoingpeopleaxehonest;
andthereputationofthechineserchantforhonestyisonlyanitantofhis
provinereresultofthepredonanceofthe
ruralpatteandidealoflifeinaseaport;theylosetoa
rkedextentthatpristinehonestyandcanbeasdishonestasanyreet
stockjobber
butallthesequalitiesybesuedupintheelloheyarepassive
qualities;suggestiveofcalndpassivestrengthratherthanasyouthfulvigourand
roncetheysuggestthequalitiesofacivilizationbuiltforstrengthand
enduranceratherthanforprogressandnquestforitisacivilizationh
enablesntofindpeaceunderanycircutance;andanisatpeaceh
hielf;heforprogressandreforitis
theoldcultureofanoldpeopleitishanddonotstrive
fortheunattainablethesupreindflaysitsownhopesand
desires;andbykingthesuprerealizationthathappinessisanunattainable
bluebirdandgivingupthequestforit”takingastepbackhechinese
expressiongoes梚tfindshappinessnestlinginitsooststrangledto
deathduringthehotpursuitofaniginedshadoingscholarputsit;”by
losingthatpae”thissocalledlloheresult
ofaentinfact;allnationalqualitieshaveanorganicunity;
forlloehoentasa
peculiarvarietyofpeargroericanbochinese;
broughtupinadifferentenvironnt;otallydevoidofthecharacteristicsof
thenchinese;andeetingbythesheerforceof
theirunuthnasaltheirdirectforcefulspeech;aspeechhknowsno
finedulationstheylackthatsupre;uniquelloothesons
oforeture
thanarieage;forevenyoungotorcarstheyhave
alreadyotherandretureinterests1stprobablytheyarealreadyrried
theyhaveiliestothinkabout;theirparentstoreer;andperhaps
sousinstohelpthroughsakesnsober;andanational
tothinksanelyaboutlifeataperiodearlierthanthey
uldarriveatindividuallybuttheirlloefroooks;ites
frosocietyoutofurtthechinesehave
aandfoesthathis
universecleanbylaughingatthatenthusiasndatthebeliefthateverythingis
possibleintheyearlyteachestheyoungtoholdtheirtongues
heireldersarespeakingverysoonthechineseyouthleasthis;andinstead
ofbeingfoolishenoughtosupportanyproposedscheorsocialisticventure;he
leastontunfavourablyuponit;pointingoutallthepossibledifficulties;and
inthataturesocietythen;afteringbackfrouropeor
arica;hebeginstonufacturetoothpasteandcallsit”savingtheuntryby
industrialization”orhetranslatessoaricanfreeverseandcallsit”introduction
oftheilytosupportandso
usinsfortoseainaschoolteacherifheisinthe
teaustthinkofeanstorisehigher;perhapsbee
adean;andinthateagooderofhisfalythatprocessoftrying
torisehigherteaerablelessonsoflifeandhunnature;andifhe
esan
atthirty;stillenthusiasti;heiseitheraninspiredidiotora
nfoundedgenius
litisextrelydangerous;therefore;tosendfresharicanllege
graduatesouttooverchineseteachersor
preahavenoteventasted
theagonyoffirstlove
iipatience
letustakethethreeoststrikingcharacteristics;patience;indifferenceand
oldroguery;andseehoheyaroseibelievethattheseareeffectsofcultureand
environntandhenentalkeup
theyareheretodaybecauseforthousandsofyearsain
culturalandsocialinfluencesthenaturalinferenceisthatheseinfluencesare
reved;thequalitiesinishordisappearthequalityof
pa
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