《吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)》

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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)- 第6部分


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    standsuponahighplaceintheurtyard;onecanalreadyseethebridgeandthe

    cloudsandersinthedistance;andyatnight;onecanseethe

    lightsoftheneighboursoutsidethehirtystepstoyourhouse

    onthesouth;andthelittlegardenontheeastbyasllcreek

    soitisquiteidealsoysay;”thisisindeedveryfortable;onlytherey

    beburglars”theydonotknohatburglarsarealsobutpoorpeopleiwouldopen

    thedoorandinvitetheoein;anddiscussayshare

    ay

    eventakeahegreattopaforahundredcash

    please;youngerbrother;bearthisinnd;forthisisyourstupidbrothers

    provisionforspendingahappyoldageiayhaveisodesire

    thisistypientinchineseliteraturethisruralidealofcheng

    panuonbrotherhoodhthe

    poorpeasant;esnaturaltoataoisticsoul;astheruralidealoftseng

    kuofansisbasedonthedesireforthepreservationforthefaly;andclosely

    nnectedilysystefortheruralidealoflifeispartofthe

    so

    akeslievillagetheunititybeasingtoleathattsengkuofan;the

    greatgeneralandfirstnisterofhistis;inhisfalyletterstohischildrenand

    nepheagainstextravaganthabitsandadvisedtheo

    plantvegetables;rearpigsandnuretheiros;yetsuchadviceonfrugality

    andindustrythatthefalyprosperityghtbe

    prolongedifsilieforthe

    nationalintegrityfortotsengkuofan;itilieswhose

    childrenleaexpensivehabitsofliving;prosperonlyforagenerationorthe

    rchantfaliesayprosperforthreeorfour

    generations;thefaliespleand

    carefulhabitsprosperforfiveorsixgenerations;ilieshe

    virtuesoffilialpietyandfriendlinessprosperforeightortengenerations”

    itisthereforeentirelyeasytounderstandhekeepingoffish;the

    keepingofpigs;theplantingofbaoosandtheplantingofvegetables9as”thefour

    thingsaythuskeepupthe

    traditionofourforefathers;and;ontheotherhand;onewillfeelasenseoflifeand

    groyeringour

    urtevenifyoushouldhavetospendalittlereneyandhireafeore

    helpers;theneyspentonthesefourthingsthesefour

    things;youcanseeilyisprosperingorisgoingdown”

    andsohothefalyinstructionsofyenchihtui53i59》fanchungyen

    9891052;chuhsi11301300;dou16961771and

    tseng

    kuofan18111872;thisfalyidealofindustryandfrugalityandlivingthesile

    lifepersistedandoralheritageofthenationthe

    falysysteohoselfintotheruralpatteoflifeanduldnotbe

    separatedfrotsiliplicity;

    shunpo;ongthechineseitanknehebenefitsof

    civilizationandkneanknehehappinessofthejoysof

    life;butalsoeralnature;fearfulofthejealousyofthegods;

    andplerbutlongerfortoenjoy

    toonygoodthingsoflifeothechinese;tochehfo;ordecrease

    oneslotofhappinessinthislifetherefore”oneshouldbejustascarefulinchoosing

    onespleasuresasinavoidingcalaties””choosethelighterhappiness;”saida

    singdynasties;andsohohere

    intheanlappinessissoprecariousthattheretreattonature

    andiliustbeso;andthechinesekneby

    instincttheyilies;;andtheyachieveditfortheiation

    vracialyouth

    it;therefore;thatthechinese;asapeople;ivoidedthedangersofcivic

    deteriorationbyanaturaldistrust》fitive

    habitsoflifethisghtsuggestthatthesoust》e

    understoodinagreatlydifiedsense;thatith

    pritivistselfandquitereadytoaygoodbyetoitcertainlyita

    civilizationthathadguaranteedthepeoplepeaceittentperiodsof

    joodsheda
………………………………

第15节

    nddisorder;orthathaddeinesindfloodsiossible

    thatauntryaftertparativelydvilizedlivinguldfuish

    livingterialforsuenarebrothers;an

    flesh;though昦re;easurethesteryof

    thisenigofsocialntinuityagainstthehavofcivilizationsungchiang;likueiandthehostofrobustrobbersonthetopofliangshanpo;althoughing

    alstfifteencenturiesaftefucius;donotsuggesttousrepresentativesofan

    oution;butratherhappychildrenofapeopleinthetofa

    dasasiftherace;

    insteadofreachingfullturityhnfucius;wasreallyenjoyingaprolonged

    childhood

    thisbringsustotheextrelyinterestingquestionoftheracialnstitutionofthe

    chineserace:uchthe

    anyrespectsstillinitsracial

    youthandfarfroeaaybedebysayingthat

    thechineseareculturallyoldbutraciallyyoung;atheory

    angsoofthedeanthropologistsgriffithtaylor1thusclassifiesthe

    anrace;acrdingto

    hisgrationzoneschehavelockellisalsocharacterizestheasiaticsasbeing

    raeoftheadaptability;flexibilityand

    pristineallroundshunponatureofchildhoodbeforereachingspecialized

    developntperhaps”aprolonged;forinfantilisbr 》

    andarresteddevelopntorstagnationaresleadingter

    isnceptionofonelookingatchina

    froheoutside;houtknoothinkofthe

    latedevelopntoftheanyforeigners

    igine;frohetiofnfucius;butfroslateasthetenthcentury;andwas

    thenonlysloilitreacheditsperfectionunderkanghsiand

    chienlungintheseventeenthcentury;alstbeforeoureyesprogressinlacquer;

    printing;andpaintingeachdynastybroughtitastepforhe

    renoeintobeinguntilthelastthousand

    yearsofthechinesenationallife;alateperiodforanoldcivilizationandinliterature;

    oneneedsonlytothinkofthelatenessoftheproseepicandtaleofhe

    shuihuallanbrothersandhsiyuchistbensideredsuch;andtheywere

    ostthousandyearsafter

    nfuciusandlaotsehadlivedanddied

    1environntandrace;oxforduniversitypress;1927

    2seetheenlighteningarticlebyvkting:”hoquiredher

    posiuublishedbytheinstituteofpacific

    relations;

    chapterthechinesecharacter

    illowness

    ”character”isatypicallyenglishtheenglish;feions

    havelaidsuanhoodasthe

    chinesethechineseseeobesopreoccupiedhitthatintheirwhole

    philosophytheyhavenotbeenabletothinkofanythingelsetotallydevoidofany

    extrandaneinterests;andhoutgettinginvolvedinanyreligiousclaptrap;this

    idealofbuildingofcharacterhas;throughtheinfluenceoftheirliterature;thetheatre;

    andproverbs;peratedtothelohaphilosophy

    oflifebutheenglisher”suggestsstrength;urage;”guts;”and

    lookingrelyglunntsofangerordisappointnt;thechinesewordfor

    ”aturenoflloperant;retaining

    anequanityofndunderallcircutances;pleteunderstandingnot

    onlyofhielfbutofhisfelloen

    thesungphilosophyhasatrendousnfidenceinthepoacyofthe

    ndoveretions;andanoverannd;throughits

    understandingofoneselfandofonesfelloen;isabletoadjustitselftothest

    unfavourablethegreatleaing;the

    nfucianprir:hobegintheirfirstlessonat

    sentofa”dear

    possibleenglishexpression;butbyeant

    theillunationofunderstanding;developedandcultivatedthroughknowledgea

    lloannatureis;andalhe

    thatunderstandingotherqualitiesarederived;

    suchaspacifisntentnt;calndstrengthofenduranceinguishthe

    ind;acrdingto

    thegonfuentaldiscipline;

    er

    veryoftenthesevirtuesareattainedalsothroughthehelpofnfucianfatalisfor

    ntrarytothegeneralbelief;fatalissagreatsourenta

    beautifulandtalentedgirlyrebelagainstanunsuitablerriage;butifthepeculiar

    eetinghherfianccannvinceherthatitisthegodswho

    havedecreedthetch;shecanatonce;throughanactofunderstanding;beea

    happyandntentedea”predestined

    ene;”andtheieseetina

    narrohthatunderstanding;theycanloveandfighteachother

    furiouslyeverafter;knoethatthegodsarelookingonandcausing

    thellthistrouble

    ifhechineseraceandtrytopicturetheiationalcharacteristics;;weshall

    probablyfindthefolloplicity;3loveof

    nature;4patience;5indifference;6oldroguery;7fecundity;8industry;9

    frugality;10
………………………………

第16节

    loveoffalylife;upacifis12ntentnt;13huur;14

    nservatisand15sensualitytheyare;ontheplegreatqualitiesthat

    eofthesecharacteristicsarevicesratherthanvirtues;

    andothersareneutralqualities;theyarethehestrengthofthe

    uaginationofitswingsand

    deprivestheraontsofblissfuldness;pacifisanbeeaviceof

    aybringaboutarbidtoleran

    yattisbearesynonyorslothandlaziness;andfecundityybearacial

    virtuebutanindividualvice

    11havenotputdoingpeopleaxehonest;

    andthereputationofthechineserchantforhonestyisonlyanitantofhis

    provinereresultofthepredonanceofthe

    ruralpatteandidealoflifeinaseaport;theylosetoa

    rkedextentthatpristinehonestyandcanbeasdishonestasanyreet

    stockjobber

    butallthesequalitiesybesuedupintheelloheyarepassive

    qualities;suggestiveofcalndpassivestrengthratherthanasyouthfulvigourand

    roncetheysuggestthequalitiesofacivilizationbuiltforstrengthand

    enduranceratherthanforprogressandnquestforitisacivilizationh

    enablesntofindpeaceunderanycircutance;andanisatpeaceh

    hielf;heforprogressandreforitis

    theoldcultureofanoldpeopleitishanddonotstrive

    fortheunattainablethesupreindflaysitsownhopesand

    desires;andbykingthesuprerealizationthathappinessisanunattainable

    bluebirdandgivingupthequestforit”takingastepbackhechinese

    expressiongoes梚tfindshappinessnestlinginitsooststrangledto

    deathduringthehotpursuitofaniginedshadoingscholarputsit;”by

    losingthatpae”thissocalledlloheresult

    ofaentinfact;allnationalqualitieshaveanorganicunity;

    forlloehoentasa

    peculiarvarietyofpeargroericanbochinese;

    broughtupinadifferentenvironnt;otallydevoidofthecharacteristicsof

    thenchinese;andeetingbythesheerforceof

    theirunuthnasaltheirdirectforcefulspeech;aspeechhknowsno

    finedulationstheylackthatsupre;uniquelloothesons

    oforeture

    thanarieage;forevenyoungotorcarstheyhave

    alreadyotherandretureinterests1stprobablytheyarealreadyrried

    theyhaveiliestothinkabout;theirparentstoreer;andperhaps

    sousinstohelpthroughsakesnsober;andanational

    tothinksanelyaboutlifeataperiodearlierthanthey

    uldarriveatindividuallybuttheirlloefroooks;ites

    frosocietyoutofurtthechinesehave

    aandfoesthathis

    universecleanbylaughingatthatenthusiasndatthebeliefthateverythingis

    possibleintheyearlyteachestheyoungtoholdtheirtongues

    heireldersarespeakingverysoonthechineseyouthleasthis;andinstead

    ofbeingfoolishenoughtosupportanyproposedscheorsocialisticventure;he

    leastontunfavourablyuponit;pointingoutallthepossibledifficulties;and

    inthataturesocietythen;afteringbackfrouropeor

    arica;hebeginstonufacturetoothpasteandcallsit”savingtheuntryby

    industrialization”orhetranslatessoaricanfreeverseandcallsit”introduction

    oftheilytosupportandso

    usinsfortoseainaschoolteacherifheisinthe

    teaustthinkofeanstorisehigher;perhapsbee

    adean;andinthateagooderofhisfalythatprocessoftrying

    torisehigherteaerablelessonsoflifeandhunnature;andifhe

    esan

    atthirty;stillenthusiasti;heiseitheraninspiredidiotora

    nfoundedgenius

    litisextrelydangerous;therefore;tosendfresharicanllege

    graduatesouttooverchineseteachersor

    preahavenoteventasted

    theagonyoffirstlove

    iipatience

    letustakethethreeoststrikingcharacteristics;patience;indifferenceand

    oldroguery;andseehoheyaroseibelievethattheseareeffectsofcultureand

    environntandhenentalkeup

    theyareheretodaybecauseforthousandsofyearsain

    culturalandsocialinfluencesthenaturalinferenceisthatheseinfluencesare

    reved;thequalitiesinishordisappearthequalityof

    pa
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